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标题: Oracle Linux6.9安装Oracle11gR2 [打印本页]

作者: admin 时间: 2019-10-26 10:06 标题: Oracle Linux6.9安装Oracle11gR2

笺注：服务器本机IP地址为192.168.168.163/24，以下是无图形界面安装Oracle11gR2 相关软件下载链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1Bq3U2b86IlLTKJq-uf4g6w 提取码：1e3r 主机名： [root@oracle ~]# hostname oracle.zhuohua.store [root@oracle ~]# [root@oracle ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network NETWORKING=yes HOSTNAME=oracle.zhuohua.store [root@oracle ~]# [root@oracle ~]# echo '192.168.168.163 oracle.zhuohua.store' >> /etc/hosts 物理内存为2G： [root@oracle ~]# free -m total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 1743 146 1596 0 6 55 -/+ buffers/cache: 84 1658 Swap: 2015 0 2015 [root@oracle ~]# [root@oracle ~]# free -k total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 1784872 357808 1427064 228 15220 243248 -/+ buffers/cache: 99340 1685532 Swap: 2064380 0 2064380 [root@oracle ~]# 查看当前语言环境：（英文） [root@oracle ~]# echo $LANG en_US.UTF-8 [root@oracle ~]# 关闭SELinux: setenforce 0 sed -i 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config 先安装以下的RPM软件包： [root@oracle ~]# rpm -ivh pdksh-5.2.14-37.el5_8.1.x86_64.rpm warning: pdksh-5.2.14-37.el5_8.1.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID e8562897: NOKEY Preparing... ########################################### [100%] 1:pdksh ########################################### [100%] [root@oracle ~]# 使用Yum安装以下RPM软件包：（使用本地光盘作为Yum源即可） [root@oracle ~]# yum -y install binutils compat-libstdc++-33 elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel expat gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-common glibc-devel glibc-headers libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel make pdksh sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel unzip psmisc 添加Oracle用户组和用户等: groupadd oinstall groupadd dba groupadd asmadmin groupadd asmdba useradd -g oinstall -G dba,asmdba oracle -d /home/oracle echo '123' | passwd --stdin oracle 优化系统内核： [root@oracle ~]# vi /etc/sysctl.conf 修改： # Controls the maximum shared segment size, in bytes kernel.shmmax = 913854464 注释：参数kernel.shmmax设置为物理内存的一半，以字节为单位 # Controls the maximum number of shared memory segments, in pages kernel.shmall = 524288 注释：假如物理内存为1G时，kernel.shmall参数设置为262144，以此类推追加： fs.aio-max-nr=1048576 fs.file-max=6815744 kernel.shmmni=4096 kernel.sem=250 32000 100 128 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range=9000 65500 net.core.rmem_default=262144 net.core.rmem_max=4194304 net.core.wmem_default=262144 net.core.wmem_max=1048586 [root@oracle ~]# sysctl -p net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0 net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1 net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0 kernel.sysrq = 0 kernel.core_uses_pid = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1 kernel.msgmnb = 65536 kernel.msgmax = 65536 kernel.shmmax = 913854464 kernel.shmall = 524288 fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576 fs.file-max = 6815744 kernel.shmmni = 4096 kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 net.core.rmem_default = 262144 net.core.rmem_max = 4194304 net.core.wmem_default = 262144 net.core.wmem_max = 1048586 [root@oracle ~]# ###### [root@oracle ~]# vi /etc/security/limits.conf 追加： oracle soft nproc 2047 oracle hard nproc 16384 oracle soft nofile 1024 oracle hard nofile 65536 [root@oracle ~]# vi /etc/pam.d/login 追加： session required /lib64/security/pam_limits.so session required pam_limits.so [root@oracle ~]# vi /etc/profile 追加： if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then ulimit -p 16384 ulimit -n 65536 else ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536 fi fi ###### 创建Oracle相关目录等： mkdir -p /db/app/oracle/product/11.2.0 mkdir /db/app/oracle/oradata mkdir /db/app/oracle/inventory mkdir /db/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area chown -R oracle:oinstall /db/app/oracle chmod -R 775 /db/app/oracle mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/inventory chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle/inventory ###### 配置Oracle用户环境变量： [root@oracle ~]# su - oracle [oracle@oracle ~]$ whoami oracle [oracle@oracle ~]$ [oracle@oracle ~]$ vi .bash_profile 追加： umask 022 export ORACLE_HOSTNAME=oracle.zhuohua.store export ORACLE_BASE=/db/app/oracle export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/ export ORACLE_SID=ORCL export PATH=.:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch:$ORACLE_HOME/jdk/bin:$PATH export LC_ALL="en_US" export LANG="en_US" export NLS_LANG="AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK" export NLS_DATE_FORMAT="YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS" ###### 解压安装包：（使用系统用户root） [oracle@oracle ~]$ exit logout [root@oracle ~]# whoami root [root@oracle ~]# [root@oracle ~]# unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip -d /db [root@oracle ~]# unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip -d /db [root@oracle ~]# mkdir /db/etc/ [root@oracle ~]# cp /db/database/response/* /db/etc/ [root@oracle ~]# vi /db/etc/db_install.rsp 修改： oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall INVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/app/oracle/inventory SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN ORACLE_HOSTNAME=oracle.zhuohua.store ORACLE_HOME=/db/app/oracle/product/11.2.0 ORACLE_BASE=/db/app/oracle oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE oracle.install.db.isCustomInstall=true oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=dba 笺注：来到这里最好重启一下系统 [root@oracle ~]# reboot ############ ############ 正式开始安装： [root@oracle ~]# su - oracle [oracle@oracle ~]$ cd /db/database/ [oracle@oracle database]$ ./runInstaller -silent -ignorePrereq -responseFile /db/etc/db_install.rsp Starting Oracle Universal Installer... Checking Temp space: must be greater than 120 MB. Actual 41738 MB Passed Checking swap space: must be greater than 150 MB. Actual 2015 MB Passed Preparing to launch Oracle Universal Installer from /tmp/OraInstall2019-08-12_06-56-19AM. Please wait ...[oracle@oracle database]$ You can find the log of this install session at: /u01/app/oracle/inventory/logs/installActions2019-08-12_06-56-19AM.log 另外打开一个会话，使用系统用户root动态查看安装日志信息： [root@oracle ~]# tail -f /u01/app/oracle/inventory/logs/installActions2019-08-12_06-56-19AM.log 图片1.png

等出现以下提示：

另外打开一个会话，使用系统用户root运行脚本： [root@oracle ~]# /u01/app/oracle/inventory/orainstRoot.sh Changing permissions of /u01/app/oracle/inventory. Adding read,write permissions for group. Removing read,write,execute permissions for world. Changing groupname of /u01/app/oracle/inventory to oinstall. The execution of the script is complete. [root@oracle ~]# [root@oracle ~]# /db/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/root.sh Check /db/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/install/root_oracle.zhuohua.store_2019-08-12_07-12-50.log for the output of root script [root@oracle ~]# 以上两个脚本运行后，在这个界面按回车键结束安装：图片3.png

############ ############ 配置静默监听： su - oracle netca /silent /responsefile /db/etc/netca.rsp 图片4.png

############ ############ 静默创建数据库：另外打开一个会话，使用系统用户root修改文件： [root@oracle ~]# vi /db/etc/dbca.rsp 修改： GDBNAME = "orcl" SID = "orcl" SYSPASSWORD = "oracle" SYSTEMPASSWORD = "oracle" SYSMANPASSWORD = "oracle" DBSNMPPASSWORD = "oracle" DATAFILEDESTINATION = /db/app/oracle/oradata RECOVERYAREADESTINATION = /db/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area CHARACTERSET = "AL32UTF8" TOTALMEMORY = "1394" 注释：其中TOTALMEMORY设置为物理内存的80%左右。 [root@oracle ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /db/etc/dbca.rsp [root@oracle ~]# 执行静默建库： [root@oracle ~]# su - oracle [oracle@oracle ~]$ dbca -silent -responseFile /db/etc/dbca.rsp Copying database files 1% complete 3% complete 11% complete 18% complete 26% complete 37% complete Creating and starting Oracle instance 40% complete 45% complete 50% complete 55% complete 56% complete 60% complete 62% complete Completing Database Creation 66% complete 70% complete 73% complete 85% complete 96% complete 100% complete Look at the log file "/db/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/orcl/orcl.log" for further details. [oracle@oracle ~]$ ############ ############ 查看Oracle的监听状态： [oracle@oracle ~]$ lsnrctl status LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 12-AUG-2019 07:45:43 Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521))) STATUS of the LISTENER ------------------------ Alias LISTENER Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production Start Date 12-AUG-2019 07:16:26 Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 29 min. 16 sec Trace Level off Security ON: Local OS Authentication SNMP OFF Listener Parameter File /db/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/network/admin/listener.ora Listener Log File /db/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/oracle/listener/alert/log.xml Listening Endpoints Summary... (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521))) (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle.zhuohua.store)(PORT=1521))) Services Summary... Service "orcl" has 1 instance(s). Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "orclXDB" has 1 instance(s). Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... The command completed successfully [oracle@oracle ~]$ ############ ############ 登录Oracle，进行测试： [oracle@oracle ~]$ whoami oracle [oracle@oracle ~]$ sqlplus /nolog SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Mon Aug 12 07:47:40 2019 Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. SQL> SQL> conn /as sysdba; Connected to an idle instance. SQL> SQL> startup; ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters LRM-00109: could not open parameter file '/db/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbs/initORCL.ora' SQL> 解决方法，另外打开一个会话： [root@oracle ~]# su - oracle [oracle@oracle ~]$ cp /db/app/oracle/admin/orcl/pfile/init.ora.712201973810 $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initORCL.ora [oracle@oracle ~]$ 注释：红色字体那串数字可能不一样。再次启动Oracle： SQL> startup; ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 910266368 bytes Fixed Size 2218672 bytes Variable Size 247465296 bytes Database Buffers 654311424 bytes Redo Buffers 6270976 bytes ORA-01102: cannot mount database in EXCLUSIVE mode SQL> 解决方法： SQL> shutdown immediate; ORA-01507: database not mounted ORACLE instance shut down. SQL> 再另外打开一个会话，使用系统用户root： [root@oracle ~]# cd /db/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbs [root@oracle dbs]# fuser -k lkORCL [root@oracle dbs]# fuser -u lkORCL 成功启动Oracle： SQL> startup; ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 910266368 bytes Fixed Size 2218672 bytes Variable Size 247465296 bytes Database Buffers 654311424 bytes Redo Buffers 6270976 bytes Database mounted. Database opened. SQL> ############ ############ 查看数据库版本信息： SQL> select * from v$version; BANNER -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production PL/SQL Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production CORE 11.2.0.1.0 Production TNS for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production NLSRTL Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production SQL> 查看数据库编码： SQL> select userenv('language') from dual; USERENV('LANGUAGE') -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8 SQL> ############ ############ 查看Oracle的进程： [root@oracle ~]# ps -ef | grep ora_ | grep -v grep oracle 5063 1 0 07:38 ? 00:00:07 ora_vktm_orcl oracle 5069 1 0 07:38 ? 00:00:00 ora_diag_orcl oracle 5075 1 0 07:38 ? 00:00:00 ora_dia0_orcl oracle 5093 1 0 07:38 ? 00:00:00 ora_d000_orcl oracle 5095 1 0 07:38 ? 00:00:00 ora_s000_orcl oracle 5255 1 0 08:07 ? 00:00:00 ora_pmon_ORCL oracle 5257 1 0 08:07 ? 00:00:00 ora_vktm_ORCL oracle 5261 1 0 08:07 ? 00:00:00 ora_gen0_ORCL oracle 5263 1 0 08:07 ? 00:00:00 ora_diag_ORCL oracle 5265 1 0 08:07 ? 00:00:00 ora_dbrm_ORCL oracle 5267 1 0 08:07 ? 00:00:00 ora_psp0_ORCL oracle 5269 1 0 08:07 ? 00:00:00 ora_dia0_ORCL oracle 5271 1 0 08:07 ? 00:00:00 ora_mman_ORCL oracle 5273 1 0 08:07 ? 00:00:00 ora_dbw0_ORCL oracle 5275 1 0 08:07 ? 00:00:00 ora_lgwr_ORCL oracle 5277 1 0 08:07 ? 00:00:00 ora_ckpt_ORCL oracle 5279 1 0 08:07 ? 00:00:00 ora_smon_ORCL oracle 5281 1 0 08:07 ? 00:00:00 ora_reco_ORCL oracle 5283 1 0 08:07 ? 00:00:00 ora_mmon_ORCL oracle 5285 1 0 08:07 ? 00:00:00 ora_mmnl_ORCL oracle 5287 1 0 08:07 ? 00:00:00 ora_d000_ORCL oracle 5289 1 0 08:07 ? 00:00:00 ora_s000_ORCL oracle 5297 1 0 08:07 ? 00:00:00 ora_qmnc_ORCL oracle 5311 1 0 08:07 ? 00:00:00 ora_cjq0_ORCL oracle 5313 1 0 08:07 ? 00:00:00 ora_q000_ORCL oracle 5315 1 0 08:07 ? 00:00:00 ora_q001_ORCL [root@oracle ~]# 检测Oracle的端口：（Oracle正常运行时） [root@oracle ~]# netstat -anp |grep 1521 tcp 0 0 192.168.168.135:30306 192.168.168.135:1521 ESTABLISHED 5255/ora_pmon_ORCL tcp 0 0 :::1521 :::* LISTEN 4688/tnslsnr tcp 0 0 ::ffff:192.168.168.135:1521 ::ffff:192.168.168.13:30306 ESTABLISHED 4688/tnslsnr unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 16292 4688/tnslsnr /var/tmp/.oracle/sEXTPROC1521 [root@oracle ~]# [root@oracle ~]# [root@oracle ~]# echo $? 0 [root@oracle ~]# 添加防火墙规则： [root@oracle ~]# iptables -I INPUT -p tcp --dport 1521 -j ACCEPT [root@oracle ~]# iptables-save > /etc/sysconfig/iptables [root@oracle ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/iptables # Generated by iptables-save v1.4.7 on Mon Aug 12 08:15:17 2019 *filter :INPUT ACCEPT [2:132] :FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [2:232] -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 1521 -j ACCEPT COMMIT # Completed on Mon Aug 12 08:15:17 2019 [root@oracle ~]# ############# ############# Oracle11gR2的启动和关闭启动Oracle listener：（系统重启后，需要手动开启） [root@oracle ~]# su - oracle [oracle@oracle ~]$ lsnrctl start LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 12-AUG-2019 08:22:01 Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. Starting /db/app/oracle/product/11.2.0//bin/tnslsnr: please wait... TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production System parameter file is /db/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/network/admin/listener.ora Log messages written to /db/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/oracle/listener/alert/log.xml Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521))) Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle.zhuohua.store)(PORT=1521))) Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521))) STATUS of the LISTENER ------------------------ Alias LISTENER Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production Start Date 12-AUG-2019 08:22:03 Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 20 sec Trace Level off Security ON: Local OS Authentication SNMP OFF Listener Parameter File /db/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/network/admin/listener.ora Listener Log File /db/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/oracle/listener/alert/log.xml Listening Endpoints Summary... (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521))) (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle.zhuohua.store)(PORT=1521))) The listener supports no services The command completed successfully [oracle@oracle ~]$ 关闭Oracle listener：（一般都要开启） [oracle@oracle ~]$ lsnrctl stop LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 12-AUG-2019 08:23:22 Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521))) The command completed successfully [oracle@oracle ~] 先启动Oracle listener后，再登录Oracle，启动Oracle： [oracle@oracle ~]$ sqlplus /nolog SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Mon Aug 12 08:25:24 2019 Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. SQL> conn /as sysdba; Connected to an idle instance. SQL> SQL> startup; ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 910266368 bytes Fixed Size 2218672 bytes Variable Size 247465296 bytes Database Buffers 654311424 bytes Redo Buffers 6270976 bytes Database mounted. Database opened. SQL> 正常关闭Oracle： shutdown immediate; 图片5.png

如果无法正常关闭Oracle时，可以使用下面的命令： shutdown abort; 图片6.png

笺注：关闭系统前，最好先关闭Oracle 相关文章： Oracle Linux6.9的安装使用Navicat连接Oracle11gR2 CentOS8_在Docker中安装Oracle11gR2 PuTTY远程管理Oracle Linux6.9 CentOS6_RPM软件包管理器（screen+mailx）

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