查看Nginx的主配置文件:
[root@localhost ~]# cat /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf |grep -v "^$"
#user nobody;
worker_processes 1;
#error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;
#pid logs/nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
#log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
# '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
# '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
#access_log logs/access.log main;
sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;
#keepalive_timeout 0;
keepalive_timeout 65;
#gzip on;
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
#charset koi8-r;
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
location / {
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
}
#error_page 404 /404.html;
# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
# proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
#}
# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# root html;
# fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
# fastcgi_index index.php;
# fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
# include fastcgi_params;
#}
# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
# concurs with nginx's one
#
#location ~ /\.ht {
# deny all;
#}
}
# another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
#
#server {
# listen 8000;
# listen somename:8080;
# server_name somename alias another.alias;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}
# HTTPS server
#
#server {
# listen 443 ssl;
# server_name localhost;
# ssl_certificate cert.pem;
# ssl_certificate_key cert.key;
# ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;
# ssl_session_timeout 5m;
# ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
# ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}
}
修改Nginx的主配置文件:
[root@localhost ~]# vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
worker_processes auto; #Nginx开启的worker进程数；可以设置为自动（auto），这样Nginx会自动根据逻辑CPU个数生成对应数量的worker进程
worker_rlimit_nofile 65535; #Nginx的worker进程的最大可打开文件数
events {
use epoll;
worker_connections 51200; #单个worker进程的最大并发连接数；要根据服务器性能（内存使用量等等）来调整
multi_accept on; #开启时，一个worker进程可以同时接受所有的新连接，建议开启
accept_mutex off; #缺省时开启，避免了惊群问题；关闭时，新连接会通报给所有worker进程，网站访问量比较大时，建议关闭
}
如下图：（截图有省略）
笺注：
查看服务器的逻辑CPU个数：（CPU核心数）
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep processor | wc -l
1
Nginx作为Web服务器的时候：
Nginx的最大并发连接数 = worker_processes * worker_connections / 2
Nginx作为反向代理服务器的时候：
Nginx的最大并发连接数 = worker_processes * worker_connections / 4
重启Nginx服务：
[root@localhost ~]# service nginx restart
测试Nginx的进程最大可打开文件数，找到Nginx的worker进程的ID：
ps -ef |grep nginx |grep -v grep
cat /proc/4675/limits
使用命令ab进行测试：
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install httpd-tools
[root@localhost ~]# ab -n 10000 -c 1000 http://127.0.0.1/index.html #指定并发请求数为1000，总请求数为10000，对http://127.0.0.1/index.html进行压力测试
This is ApacheBench, Version 2.3 <$Revision: 655654 $>
Copyright 1996 Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology Ltd, http://www.zeustech.net/
Licensed to The Apache Software Foundation, http://www.apache.org/
Benchmarking 127.0.0.1 (be patient)
Completed 1000 requests
Completed 2000 requests
Completed 3000 requests
Completed 4000 requests
Completed 5000 requests
Completed 6000 requests
Completed 7000 requests
Completed 8000 requests
Completed 9000 requests
Completed 10000 requests
Finished 10000 requests
Server Software: nginx/1.10.0
Server Hostname: 127.0.0.1
Server Port: 80
Document Path: /index.html
Document Length: 612 bytes
Concurrency Level: 1000
Time taken for tests: 1.109 seconds
Complete requests: 10000
Failed requests: 0
Write errors: 0
Total transferred: 8662095 bytes
HTML transferred: 6273612 bytes
Requests per second: 9013.97 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request: 110.939 [ms] (mean)
Time per request: 0.111 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
Transfer rate: 7624.99 [Kbytes/sec] received
Connection Times (ms)
min mean[+/-sd] median max
Connect: 0 31 14.0 28 76
Processing: 17 32 10.3 29 77
Waiting: 0 26 9.2 24 75
Total: 41 64 23.5 57 151
Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms)
50% 57
66% 58
75% 59
80% 60
90% 123
95% 131
98% 141
99% 143
100% 151 (longest request)
注释：可以看到每秒最大处理请求次数为9013.97次，每个请求响应时间是0.111毫秒。
笺注：
Nginx的最大并发连接数受限于Max open files，当超过限制值时，会出现Too many open files的信息：
#指定并发请求数为2500，总请求数为10000时：
[root@localhost ~]# ab -n 10000 -c 2500 http://127.0.0.1/index.html
This is ApacheBench, Version 2.3 <$Revision: 655654 $>
Copyright 1996 Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology Ltd, http://www.zeustech.net/
Licensed to The Apache Software Foundation, http://www.apache.org/
Benchmarking 127.0.0.1 (be patient)
socket: Too many open files (24)
而Max open files受限于操作系统的“进程最大可打开文件数”，操作系统的“进程最大可打开文件数”的查询方法：
[root@localhost ~]# ulimit -n
1024
操作系统的“进程最大可打开文件数”的修改方法：
[root@localhost ~]# tail -5 /etc/security/limits.conf
# End of file
* soft nproc 65535
* hard nproc 65535
* soft nofile 65535
* hard nofile 65535
重启服务器：
[root@localhost ~]# reboot
服务器重启后，更改生效：
[root@localhost ~]# ulimit -n
65535
再次测试Nginx的进程最大可打开文件数：（服务器重启后，要重启Nginx服务才生效）
[root@localhost ~]# ps -ef |grep nginx |grep -v grep
root 1550 1 0 05:14 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
nginx 1551 1550 0 05:14 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
cat /proc/1550/limits
再次测试，指定并发请求数为2500，总请求数为10000时：
[root@localhost ~]# ab -n 10000 -c 2500 http://127.0.0.1/index.html
This is ApacheBench, Version 2.3 <$Revision: 655654 $>
Copyright 1996 Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology Ltd, http://www.zeustech.net/
Licensed to The Apache Software Foundation, http://www.apache.org/
Benchmarking 127.0.0.1 (be patient)
Completed 1000 requests
Completed 2000 requests
Completed 3000 requests
Completed 4000 requests
Completed 5000 requests
Completed 6000 requests
Completed 7000 requests
Completed 8000 requests
Completed 9000 requests
Completed 10000 requests
Finished 10000 requests
Server Software: nginx/1.10.0
Server Hostname: 127.0.0.1
Server Port: 80
Document Path: /index.html
Document Length: 612 bytes
Concurrency Level: 2500
Time taken for tests: 1.089 seconds
Complete requests: 10000
Failed requests: 0
Write errors: 0
Total transferred: 8676460 bytes
HTML transferred: 6284016 bytes
Requests per second: 9186.81 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request: 272.129 [ms] (mean)
Time per request: 0.109 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
Transfer rate: 7784.08 [Kbytes/sec] received
Connection Times (ms)
min mean[+/-sd] median max
Connect: 0 36 18.5 27 90
Processing: 19 43 30.3 28 232
Waiting: 1 35 27.9 22 230
Total: 44 80 46.3 53 287
Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms)
50% 53
66% 55
75% 140
80% 144
90% 163
95% 173
98% 179
99% 180
100% 287 (longest request)
注释：可以看到每秒最大处理请求次数为9186.81次，每个请求响应时间是0.109毫秒。
######
检测Nginx的进程最大可打开文件数的脚本：（假如Max open files的限制值不是65535，就重启Nginx服务）
[root@localhost ~]# cat check_Nginx_Max_open_files.sh
#!/bin/bash
a=`ps -ef |grep nginx |grep -v grep |grep 'worker process' |awk '{print $3}'`
b=`cat /proc/$a/limits |grep 'open' |awk '{print $4'}`
if [ $b -ne 65535 ]; then
/sbin/service nginx restart
fi
结合任务计划：
[root@localhost ~]# crontab -e
追加：
*/30 * * * * bash /root/check_Nginx_Max_open_files.sh
######
查看当前Nginx的并发连接数：
修改Nginx的主配置文件:
[root@localhost ~]# vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
插入以下代码：
location /nginx_status
{
stub_status on;
access_log off;
}
如下图：
重启Nginx服务：
[root@localhost ~]# service nginx restart
服务器本地测试：
[root@localhost ~]# curl http://127.0.0.1/nginx_status
Active connections: 7 #Nginx正在处理的活动连接数有多少个（当前Nginx的并发连接数）
server accepts handled requests
1319 1319 1055
Reading: 0 Writing: 1 Waiting: 6
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