标题:
CentOS8_安装与配置邮件服务器(Postfix+Dovecot)
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作者:
admin
时间:
2020-3-10 22:38
标题:
CentOS8_安装与配置邮件服务器(Postfix+Dovecot)
实验中,邮件服务器的信息: [root@redhat8 ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS Linux release 8.2.2004 (Core) [root@redhat8 ~]# uname -r 4.18.0-193.el8.x86_64 [root@redhat8 ~]# hostname
redhat8.zhuohua.store
[root@redhat8 ~]# cat /etc/hostname
redhat8.zhuohua.store
查看本机的IP地址: [root@redhat8 ~]# yum -y install net-tools [root@redhat8 ~]#
ifconfig
ens160: flags=4163
mtu 1500 inet
192.168.168.155
netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.168.255 inet6 fe80::92ab:5fb4:5373:ad53 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20
ether 00:0c:29:15:ba:0c txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 12189 bytes 15673380 (14.9 MiB) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 14328 bytes 15733315 (15.0 MiB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 lo: flags=73
mtu 65536 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0 inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10
loop txqueuelen 1000 (Local Loopback) RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 [root@redhat8 ~]# 卸载Senmail: [root@redhat8 ~]# yum -y remove sendmail 设置默认MTA: [root@redhat8 ~]# alternatives --config mta 安装Postfix和Dovecot: [root@redhat8 ~]# yum -y install postfix dovecot 开机自动运行Postfix: [root@redhat8 ~]# systemctl enable postfix
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/postfix.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/postfix.service.
开机自动运行Dovecot: [root@redhat8 ~]# systemctl enable dovecot
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/dovecot.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/dovecot.service.
查看Postfix的版本: [root@redhat8 ~]# rpm -q postfix
postfix-3.3.1-12.el8.x86_64
查看Dovecot的版本: [root@redhat8 ~]# rpm -q dovecot
dovecot-2.3.8-2.el8.x86_64
建立用户模板下的邮箱目录,以便于建立新用户时,相应用户的邮箱目录自动被建立:(Postfix用户的邮件文件都会在自己家目录的Maildir文件夹里) [root@redhat8 ~]# mkdir -p /etc/skel/Maildir ###### 配置Postfix: [root@redhat8 ~]# vi /etc/postfix/main.cf #myhostname = host.domain.tld 修改为:(设置为系统的主机名) myhostname =
redhat8.zhuohua.store
#mydomain = domain.tld 修改为:(设置域名,此处设置将成为E-mail地址“@”后面的部分) mydomain =
zhuohua.store
#myorigin = $mydomain 修改为: myorigin = $mydomain inet_interfaces = localhost 修改为:(接受来自任意网络的请求) inet_interfaces = all mydestination = $myhostname, localhost.$mydomain, localhost 修改为:(指定发给本地邮件的域名) mydestination = $myhostname, localhost.$mydomain, localhost
, $mydomain
#mynetworks = 168.100.189.0/28, 127.0.0.0/8 修改为: mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 #home_mailbox = Maildir/ 修改为:( 指定用户邮箱目录 ) home_mailbox = Maildir/ #relay_domains = $mydestination 修改为:( 定义允许转发的域名 ) relay_domains = $mydestination #smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name ($mail_version) 修改为:( 不显示SMTP服务器的相关信息 ) smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP unknow 追加: smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot smtpd_sasl_path = private/auth smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes smtpd_sasl_local_domain = $myhostname smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, permit_sasl_authenticated, reject_unauth_destination smtpd_sasl_security_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, permit_sasl_authenticated, reject_unauth_destination
#规定单封邮件的最大容量为15MB ,以字节为单位:(包括附件)
message_size_limit = 15728640 保存文件退出后,重启Postfix: [root@redhat8 ~]# systemctl restart postfix ###### 配置Dovecot: [root@redhat8 ~]# vi /etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf #protocols = imap pop3 lmtp submission 修改为: protocols = imap pop3 lmtp #listen = *, :: 修改为: listen = *, :: ###### 配置认证方式: [root@redhat8 ~]# vi /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-auth.conf #disable_plaintext_auth = yes 修改为: disable_plaintext_auth = no auth_mechanisms = plain 修改为: auth_mechanisms = plain login ###### 配置邮箱文件夹: [root@redhat8 ~]# vi /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-mail.conf # mail_location = maildir:~/Maildir 修改为: mail_location = maildir:~/Maildir ###### 配置认证: [root@redhat8 ~]# vi /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-master.conf unix_listener auth-userdb { #mode = 0600 #user = #group = } 修改为: #unix_listener auth-userdb { #mode = 0666 #user = #group = #} # Postfix smtp-auth #unix_listener /var/spool/postfix/private/auth { # mode = 0666 #} 修改为: # Postfix smtp-auth unix_listener /var/spool/postfix/private/auth { mode = 0666 user = postfix group = postfix } 禁用SSL: [root@redhat8 ~]# vi /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-ssl.conf #ssl = required 修改为: ssl = no ###### 配置POP3: [root@redhat8 ~]# vi /etc/dovecot/conf.d/20-pop3.conf #pop3_uidl_format = %08Xu%08Xv 修改为: pop3_uidl_format = %08Xu%08Xv #pop3_client_workarounds = 修改为: pop3_client_workarounds = outlook-no-nuls oe-ns-eoh 保存文件退出后,重启Dovecot: [root@redhat8 ~]# systemctl restart dovecot ###### 查看Dovecot的进程: [root@redhat8 ~]# ps aux |grep
dovecot
|grep -v grep
root 1236 0.0 0.3 65932 6388 ? Ss 15:35 0:00 /usr/sbin/dovecot -F dovecot 1533 0.0 0.1 22184 2224 ? S 15:35 0:00 dovecot/anvil root 1534 0.0 0.2 22316 3996 ? S 15:35 0:00 dovecot/log root 1535 0.0 0.3 34328 5944 ? S 15:35 0:00 dovecot/config dovecot 1663 0.0 0.2 24440 4060 ? S 15:41 0:00 dovecot/stats dovecot 1664 0.0 0.3 46352 6204 ? S 15:41 0:00 dovecot/auth
[root@redhat8 ~]# [root@redhat8 ~]# echo $?
0
[root@redhat8 ~]# 查看Postfix的进程: [root@redhat8 ~]# ps aux |grep
postfix
|grep -v grep
root 1438 0.0 0.3 121720 5848 ? Ss 15:35 0:00 /usr/libexec/postfix/master -w postfix 1440 0.0 0.5 147996 10324 ? S 15:35 0:00 qmgr -l -t unix -u postfix 1679 0.0 0.5 152104 10216 ? S 15:42 0:00 tlsmgr -l -t unix -u postfix 1680 0.0 0.5 147860 9660 ? S 15:42 0:00 anvil -l -t unix -u postfix 1763 0.0 0.5 147864 9632 ? S 15:43 0:00 pickup -l -t unix -u
[root@redhat8 ~]# [root@redhat8 ~]# echo $?
0
[root@redhat8 ~]# ###### 插入防火墙规则:( 打开TCP 25、110、143端口 ) [root@redhat8 ~]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=25/tcp --permanent
success
[root@redhat8 ~]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port={110/tcp,143/tcp} --permanent
success
重新加载firewalld的配置: [root@redhat8 ~]# firewall-cmd --reload
success
查看所有打开的防火墙端口: [root@redhat8 ~]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --list-ports
25/tcp 110/tcp 143/tcp
注释: Postfix使用TCP 25端口; Dovecot使用TCP 110、143端口; 查看firewalld的配置文件:(可以在这里修改,然后重新加载firewalld的配置) [root@redhat8 ~]# cat /etc/firewalld/zones/public.xml
Public
For use in public areas. You do not trust the other computers on networks to not harm your computer. Only selected incoming connections are accepted.
############ 创建Postfix用户:(其实就是系统用户,但不需要登录操作系统) 先创建Postfix用户组: groupadd mailusers 用户密码就是邮箱登录密码: adduser -g mailusers -s /sbin/nologin zhuohua echo '111' | passwd --stdin zhuohua 注释:邮箱帐号为zhuohua@zhuohua.store ### adduser -g mailusers -s /sbin/nologin happy echo '222' | passwd --stdin happy 注释:邮箱帐号为happy@zhuohua.store ###### 客户端使用Foxmail连接邮件服务器:
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2021-8-8 01:14
在Foxmail中创建邮箱帐号zhuohua@zhuohua.store:
下载
(81.51 KB)
2021-8-8 01:14
笺注:
192.168.168.155
为邮件服务器的IP地址。 依此类推,再在Foxmail中创建邮箱帐号happy@zhuohua.store:
下载
(83.76 KB)
2021-8-8 01:15
笺注: 要先在邮件服务器上创建Postfix用户。 实验中,zhuohua@zhuohua.store和happy@zhuohua.store可以互相发送、接收邮件,包括附件。 zhuohua@zhuohua.store给happy@zhuohua.store发送邮件:
下载
(45.39 KB)
2021-8-8 01:15
happy@zhuohua.store接收到邮件:
下载
(44.61 KB)
2021-8-8 01:16
############ ############ 查看有关邮箱、邮件的限制: [root@redhat8 ~]# /usr/sbin/postconf |grep size_limit
/usr/sbin/postconf: warning: /etc/postfix/main.cf: unused parameter: smtpd_sasl_security_restrictions=permit_mynetworks, permit_sasl_authenticated, reject_unauth_destination
body_checks_size_limit = 51200 bounce_size_limit = 50000 header_size_limit = 102400 mailbox_size_limit = 51200000 message_size_limit = 15728640 注释:由于Postfix版本的问题,所以有
warning
解决方法: [root@redhat8 ~]# sed -i '/smtpd_sasl_security_restrictions/d' /etc/postfix/main.cf [root@redhat8 ~]# systemctl restart postfix 现在正常了: [root@redhat8 ~]# /usr/sbin/postconf |grep size_limit
body_checks_size_limit = 51200 bounce_size_limit = 50000 header_size_limit = 102400 mailbox_size_limit = 51200000 message_size_limit = 15728640
注释: mailbox_size_limit:
#规定单个用户邮箱的最大容量,以字节为单位。(实验中,单个用户邮箱的最大容量可以远远超过50MB)
message_size_limit:
#规定单封邮件的最大容量(包括附件),以字节为单位。
当mailbox_size_limit的值不为0时,要大于message_size_limit的值。 假如邮件(包括附件)过大,超过message_size_limit的值时,发送邮件会失败的:
下载
(17.2 KB)
2022-12-17 08:39
###### 自定义Postfix的邮箱、邮件的最大容量: [root@redhat8 ~]# vi /etc/postfix/main.cf 代码有就修改,没有就追加:
#不限制单个用户邮箱的大小
mailbox_size_limit = 0 代码有就修改,没有就追加:
#规定单封邮件的最大容量大概为80MB
message_size_limit = 80000000 保存文件退出后,重启Postfix: [root@redhat8 ~]# systemctl restart postfix 确认修改生效了: [root@redhat8 ~]# /usr/sbin/postconf |grep size_limit body_checks_size_limit = 51200 bounce_size_limit = 50000 header_size_limit = 102400
mailbox_size_limit = 0 message_size_limit = 80000000
############ ############ 使用Foxmail客户端实现邮件转发: 给邮箱帐号happy@zhuohua.store新建“过滤器”: 选择对应邮箱帐号后,工具》过滤器:
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2022-12-17 08:40
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2022-12-17 08:41
原理:当happy@zhuohua.store使用Foxmail客户端收到zhuohua@zhuohua.store发送的邮件后,自动把邮件转发给j13680432782@126.com
下载
(41.53 KB)
2022-12-17 08:41
备注: 过滤器名称是自定义的; 实验中,自动转发给QQ邮箱会失败; 过滤器创建成功:
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(51.07 KB)
2022-12-17 08:41
###### 使用zhuohua@zhuohua.store给happy@zhuohua.store发送测试邮件:
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(25.81 KB)
2022-12-17 08:42
happy@zhuohua.store接收邮件正常,附件也正常:
下载
(37.28 KB)
2022-12-17 08:42
备注: 当happy@zhuohua.store使用Foxmail客户端接收到来自zhuohua@zhuohua.store的邮件后,才会转发邮件。 126邮箱接收转发邮件正常,附件也正常:
下载
(25.8 KB)
2022-12-17 08:43
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