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标题: CentOS8安装LNMP+phpMyAdmin [打印本页]
作者: admin    时间: 2020-7-3 19:04     标题: CentOS8安装LNMP+phpMyAdmin

查看操作系统的信息： [root@centos8 ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS Linux release 8.2.2004 (Core) [root@centos8 ~]# uname -r 4.18.0-193.el8.x86_64 [root@centos8 ~]# hostname centos8.zhuohua.store [root@centos8 ~]# cat /etc/hostname centos8.zhuohua.store [root@centos8 ~]# ifconfig -bash: ifconfig: 未找到命令 [root@centos8 ~]# [root@centos8 ~]# dnf -y install net-tools [root@centos8 ~]# ifconfig ens160 |grep netmask |awk '{print $2}' 192.168.168.154 关闭SELinux:（默认是开启的，要关闭） setenforce 0 sed -i 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config 安装Nginx：（实验中都是使用本地光盘作为Yum源进行安装的） yum -y install nginx 启动Nginx： systemctl start nginx systemctl enable nginx 安装MariaDB： yum -y install mariadb-server mariadb 启动MariaDB： systemctl start mariadb systemctl enable mariadb 安装PHP： dnf -y install php php-fpm php-mysqlnd php-gd php-xml php-mbstring php-json 重启防火墙firewalld服务： [root@centos8 ~]# systemctl restart firewalld 在防火墙firewalld打开TCP 80端口： firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=80/tcp --permanent firewall-cmd --reload 查看防火墙所有打开的端口： [root@centos8 ~]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --list-ports 80/tcp 查看防火墙firewalld的配置文件： [root@centos8 ~]# cat /etc/firewalld/zones/public.xml Public For use in public areas. You do not trust the other computers on networks to not harm your computer. Only selected incoming connections are accepted. Nginx的版本信息： [root@centos8 ~]# nginx -v nginx version: nginx/1.14.1 [root@centos8 ~]# nginx -V nginx version: nginx/1.14.1 built by gcc 8.2.1 20180905 (Red Hat 8.2.1-3) (GCC) built with OpenSSL 1.1.1 FIPS 11 Sep 2018 (running with OpenSSL 1.1.1c FIPS 28 May 2019) TLS SNI support enabled configure arguments: --prefix=/usr/share/nginx --sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx --modules-path=/usr/lib64/nginx/modules --conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log --http-client-body-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/tmp/client_body --http-proxy-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/tmp/proxy --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/tmp/fastcgi --http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/tmp/uwsgi --http-scgi-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/tmp/scgi --pid-path=/run/nginx.pid --lock-path=/run/lock/subsys/nginx --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-file-aio --with-ipv6 --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_v2_module --with-http_realip_module --with-http_addition_module --with-http_xslt_module=dynamic --with-http_image_filter_module=dynamic --with-http_sub_module --with-http_dav_module --with-http_flv_module --with-http_mp4_module --with-http_gunzip_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_random_index_module --with-http_secure_link_module --with-http_degradation_module --with-http_slice_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_perl_module=dynamic --with-http_auth_request_module --with-mail=dynamic --with-mail_ssl_module --with-pcre --with-pcre-jit --with-stream=dynamic --with-stream_ssl_module --with-debug --with-cc-opt='-O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Werror=format-security -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -Wp,-D_GLIBCXX_ASSERTIONS -fexceptions -fstack-protector-strong -grecord-gcc-switches -specs=/usr/lib/rpm/redhat/redhat-hardened-cc1 -specs=/usr/lib/rpm/redhat/redhat-annobin-cc1 -m64 -mtune=generic -fasynchronous-unwind-tables -fstack-clash-protection -fcf-protection' --with-ld-opt='-Wl,-z,relro -Wl,-z,now -specs=/usr/lib/rpm/redhat/redhat-hardened-ld -Wl,-E' 在浏览器上直接访问服务器IP，理应可以看到Nginx的欢迎页（默认首页文件）： http://192.168.168.154/ 图片1.png Nginx默认站点的默认首页文件： rpm -ql nginx |tail 图片2.png Nginx的默认站点的根目录： /usr/share/nginx/html 图片3.png Nginx的主配置文件： [root@centos8 ~]# find / -name "nginx.conf" /etc/nginx/nginx.conf [root@centos8 ~]# cat /etc/nginx/nginx.conf |grep -v "^$" # For more information on configuration, see: # * Official English Documentation: http://nginx.org/en/docs/ # * Official Russian Documentation: http://nginx.org/ru/docs/ user nginx; worker_processes auto; error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log; pid /run/nginx.pid; # Load dynamic modules. See /usr/share/doc/nginx/README.dynamic. include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf; events { worker_connections 1024; } http { log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"'; access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main; sendfile on; tcp_nopush on; tcp_nodelay on; keepalive_timeout 65; types_hash_max_size 2048; include /etc/nginx/mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; # Load modular configuration files from the /etc/nginx/conf.d directory. # See http://nginx.org/en/docs/ngx_core_module.html#include # for more information. include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf; server { listen 80 default_server; listen [::]:80 default_server; server_name _; root /usr/share/nginx/html; #默认站点的根目录 # Load configuration files for the default server block. include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf; #默认站点加载的配置文件 location / { } error_page 404 /404.html; location = /40x.html { } error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; location = /50x.html { } } # Settings for a TLS enabled server. # # server { # listen 443 ssl http2 default_server; # listen [::]:443 ssl http2 default_server; # server_name _; # root /usr/share/nginx/html; # # ssl_certificate "/etc/pki/nginx/server.crt"; # ssl_certificate_key "/etc/pki/nginx/private/server.key"; # ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m; # ssl_session_timeout 10m; # ssl_ciphers PROFILE=SYSTEM; # ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on; # # # Load configuration files for the default server block. # include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf; # # location / { # } # # error_page 404 /404.html; # location = /40x.html { # } # # error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; # location = /50x.html { # } # } } 默认站点加载的配置文件: [root@centos8 ~]# cat /etc/nginx/default.d/php.conf # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server # # See conf.d/php-fpm.conf for socket configuration # index index.php index.html index.htm; #在这里设置默认站点的默认首页文件 location ~ \.(php|phar)(/.*)?$ { fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.(?:php|phar))(/.*)$; fastcgi_intercept_errors on; fastcgi_index index.php; include fastcgi_params; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $fastcgi_path_info; fastcgi_pass php-fpm; } PHP的版本信息： [root@centos8 ~]# php -v PHP 7.2.24 (cli) (built: Oct 22 2019 08:28:36) ( NTS ) Copyright (c) 1997-2018 The PHP Group Zend Engine v3.2.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2018 Zend Technologies PHP的主配置文件： [root@centos8 ~]# find / -name php.ini /etc/php.ini 在命令行显示MariaDB的版本信息：（默认情况下，数据库管理员root@localhost没有密码的） [root@centos8 ~]# mysqladmin -u"root" -s version mysqladmin Ver 9.1 Distrib 10.3.17-MariaDB, for Linux on x86_64 Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others. Server version 10.3.17-MariaDB Protocol version 10 Connection Localhost via UNIX socket UNIX socket /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock Uptime: 18 min 11 sec Threads: 7 Questions: 2 Slow queries: 0 Opens: 17 Flush tables: 1 Open tables: 11 Queries per second avg: 0.001 在命令行显示MariaDB里的全部库：（以下三个库是默认就有的） [root@centos8 ~]# mysql -u"root" -sN -e "show databases" information_schema mysql performance_schema 查看所有数据库用户及其主机信息：（以下是初始状态） [root@centos8 ~]# mysql -u"root" -e"select user,host from mysql.user;" +------+-----------------------+ | user | host | +------+-----------------------+ | root | 127.0.0.1 | | root | ::1 | | root | centos8.zhuohua.store | | root | localhost | +------+-----------------------+ 查看数据库管理员root@localhost的权限： [root@centos8 ~]# mysql -u"root" -e"show grants for root@localhost;" +---------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Grants for root@localhost | +---------------------------------------------------------------------+ | GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'localhost' WITH GRANT OPTION | | GRANT PROXY ON ''@'%' TO 'root'@'localhost' WITH GRANT OPTION | +---------------------------------------------------------------------+ MariaDB的主配置文件： [root@centos8 ~]# find / -name my.cnf /etc/my.cnf [root@centos8 ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf |grep -v "^$" # # This group is read both both by the client and the server # use it for options that affect everything # [client-server] # # include all files from the config directory # !includedir /etc/my.cnf.d 自定义MariaDB的主配置文件： cat > /etc/my.cnf </var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock [mysqld] port = 3306 socket = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock datadir = /var/lib/mysql skip-external-locking key_buffer_size = 16M max_allowed_packet = 1M table_open_cache = 64 sort_buffer_size = 512K net_buffer_length = 8K read_buffer_size = 256K read_rnd_buffer_size = 512K myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M thread_cache_size = 8 query_cache_size = 8M tmp_table_size = 16M explicit_defaults_for_timestamp = true #skip-networking max_connections = 500 max_connect_errors = 100 open_files_limit = 65535 log-bin=mysql-bin binlog_format=mixed server-id = 1 expire_logs_days = 10 default_storage_engine = InnoDB innodb_file_per_table = 1 innodb_data_home_dir = /var/lib/mysql innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend innodb_log_group_home_dir = /var/lib/mysql innodb_buffer_pool_size = 16M innodb_log_file_size = 5M innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1 innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50 [mysqldump] quick max_allowed_packet = 16M [mysql] no-auto-rehash [myisamchk] key_buffer_size = 20M sort_buffer_size = 20M read_buffer = 2M write_buffer = 2M [mysqlhotcopy] interactive-timeout EOF 根据服务器的物理内存大小更改MariaDB的主配置文件的脚本： [root@centos8 ~]# cat change.sh
  1. #!/bin/bash
  3. MySQL_Opt()
  4. {
  5. MemTotal=`free -m | grep Mem | awk '{print $2}'`
  7. if [[ ${MemTotal} -gt 1024 && ${MemTotal} -lt 2048 ]]; then
  8. sed -i "s#^key_buffer_size.*#key_buffer_size = 32M#" /etc/my.cnf
  9. sed -i "s#^table_open_cache.*#table_open_cache = 128#" /etc/my.cnf
  10. sed -i "s#^sort_buffer_size.*#sort_buffer_size = 768K#" /etc/my.cnf
  11. sed -i "s#^read_buffer_size.*#read_buffer_size = 768K#" /etc/my.cnf
  12. sed -i "s#^myisam_sort_buffer_size.*#myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M#" /etc/my.cnf
  13. sed -i "s#^thread_cache_size.*#thread_cache_size = 16#" /etc/my.cnf
  14. sed -i "s#^query_cache_size.*#query_cache_size = 16M#" /etc/my.cnf
  15. sed -i "s#^tmp_table_size.*#tmp_table_size = 32M#" /etc/my.cnf
  16. sed -i "s#^innodb_buffer_pool_size.*#innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M#" /etc/my.cnf
  17. sed -i "s#^innodb_log_file_size.*#innodb_log_file_size = 32M#" /etc/my.cnf
  18. sed -i "s#^performance_schema_max_table_instances.*#performance_schema_max_table_instances = 1000#" /etc/my.cnf
  19. elif [[ ${MemTotal} -ge 2048 && ${MemTotal} -lt 4096 ]]; then
  20. sed -i "s#^key_buffer_size.*#key_buffer_size = 64M#" /etc/my.cnf
  21. sed -i "s#^table_open_cache.*#table_open_cache = 256#" /etc/my.cnf
  22. sed -i "s#^sort_buffer_size.*#sort_buffer_size = 1M#" /etc/my.cnf
  23. sed -i "s#^read_buffer_size.*#read_buffer_size = 1M#" /etc/my.cnf
  24. sed -i "s#^myisam_sort_buffer_size.*#myisam_sort_buffer_size = 16M#" /etc/my.cnf
  25. sed -i "s#^thread_cache_size.*#thread_cache_size = 32#" /etc/my.cnf
  26. sed -i "s#^query_cache_size.*#query_cache_size = 32M#" /etc/my.cnf
  27. sed -i "s#^tmp_table_size.*#tmp_table_size = 64M#" /etc/my.cnf
  28. sed -i "s#^innodb_buffer_pool_size.*#innodb_buffer_pool_size = 256M#" /etc/my.cnf
  29. sed -i "s#^innodb_log_file_size.*#innodb_log_file_size = 64M#" /etc/my.cnf
  30. sed -i "s#^performance_schema_max_table_instances.*#performance_schema_max_table_instances = 2000#" /etc/my.cnf
  31. elif [[ ${MemTotal} -ge 4096 && ${MemTotal} -lt 8192 ]]; then
  32. sed -i "s#^key_buffer_size.*#key_buffer_size = 128M#" /etc/my.cnf
  33. sed -i "s#^table_open_cache.*#table_open_cache = 512#" /etc/my.cnf
  34. sed -i "s#^sort_buffer_size.*#sort_buffer_size = 2M#" /etc/my.cnf
  35. sed -i "s#^read_buffer_size.*#read_buffer_size = 2M#" /etc/my.cnf
  36. sed -i "s#^myisam_sort_buffer_size.*#myisam_sort_buffer_size = 32M#" /etc/my.cnf
  37. sed -i "s#^thread_cache_size.*#thread_cache_size = 64#" /etc/my.cnf
  38. sed -i "s#^query_cache_size.*#query_cache_size = 64M#" /etc/my.cnf
  39. sed -i "s#^tmp_table_size.*#tmp_table_size = 64M#" /etc/my.cnf
  40. sed -i "s#^innodb_buffer_pool_size.*#innodb_buffer_pool_size = 512M#" /etc/my.cnf
  41. sed -i "s#^innodb_log_file_size.*#innodb_log_file_size = 128M#" /etc/my.cnf
  42. sed -i "s#^performance_schema_max_table_instances.*#performance_schema_max_table_instances = 4000#" /etc/my.cnf
  43. elif [[ ${MemTotal} -ge 8192 && ${MemTotal} -lt 16384 ]]; then
  44. sed -i "s#^key_buffer_size.*#key_buffer_size = 256M#" /etc/my.cnf
  45. sed -i "s#^table_open_cache.*#table_open_cache = 1024#" /etc/my.cnf
  46. sed -i "s#^sort_buffer_size.*#sort_buffer_size = 4M#" /etc/my.cnf
  47. sed -i "s#^read_buffer_size.*#read_buffer_size = 4M#" /etc/my.cnf
  48. sed -i "s#^myisam_sort_buffer_size.*#myisam_sort_buffer_size = 64M#" /etc/my.cnf
  49. sed -i "s#^thread_cache_size.*#thread_cache_size = 128#" /etc/my.cnf
  50. sed -i "s#^query_cache_size.*#query_cache_size = 128M#" /etc/my.cnf
  51. sed -i "s#^tmp_table_size.*#tmp_table_size = 128M#" /etc/my.cnf
  52. sed -i "s#^innodb_buffer_pool_size.*#innodb_buffer_pool_size = 1024M#" /etc/my.cnf
  53. sed -i "s#^innodb_log_file_size.*#innodb_log_file_size = 256M#" /etc/my.cnf
  54. sed -i "s#^performance_schema_max_table_instances.*#performance_schema_max_table_instances = 6000#" /etc/my.cnf
  55. elif [[ ${MemTotal} -ge 16384 && ${MemTotal} -lt 32768 ]]; then
  56. sed -i "s#^key_buffer_size.*#key_buffer_size = 512M#" /etc/my.cnf
  57. sed -i "s#^table_open_cache.*#table_open_cache = 2048#" /etc/my.cnf
  58. sed -i "s#^sort_buffer_size.*#sort_buffer_size = 8M#" /etc/my.cnf
  59. sed -i "s#^read_buffer_size.*#read_buffer_size = 8M#" /etc/my.cnf
  60. sed -i "s#^myisam_sort_buffer_size.*#myisam_sort_buffer_size = 128M#" /etc/my.cnf
  61. sed -i "s#^thread_cache_size.*#thread_cache_size = 256#" /etc/my.cnf
  62. sed -i "s#^query_cache_size.*#query_cache_size = 256M#" /etc/my.cnf
  63. sed -i "s#^tmp_table_size.*#tmp_table_size = 256M#" /etc/my.cnf
  64. sed -i "s#^innodb_buffer_pool_size.*#innodb_buffer_pool_size = 2048M#" /etc/my.cnf
  65. sed -i "s#^innodb_log_file_size.*#innodb_log_file_size = 512M#" /etc/my.cnf
  66. sed -i "s#^performance_schema_max_table_instances.*#performance_schema_max_table_instances = 8000#" /etc/my.cnf
  67. elif [[ ${MemTotal} -ge 32768 ]]; then
  68. sed -i "s#^key_buffer_size.*#key_buffer_size = 1024M#" /etc/my.cnf
  69. sed -i "s#^table_open_cache.*#table_open_cache = 4096#" /etc/my.cnf
  70. sed -i "s#^sort_buffer_size.*#sort_buffer_size = 16M#" /etc/my.cnf
  71. sed -i "s#^read_buffer_size.*#read_buffer_size = 16M#" /etc/my.cnf
  72. sed -i "s#^myisam_sort_buffer_size.*#myisam_sort_buffer_size = 256M#" /etc/my.cnf
  73. sed -i "s#^thread_cache_size.*#thread_cache_size = 512#" /etc/my.cnf
  74. sed -i "s#^query_cache_size.*#query_cache_size = 512M#" /etc/my.cnf
  75. sed -i "s#^tmp_table_size.*#tmp_table_size = 512M#" /etc/my.cnf
  76. sed -i "s#^innodb_buffer_pool_size.*#innodb_buffer_pool_size = 4096M#" /etc/my.cnf
  77. sed -i "s#^innodb_log_file_size.*#innodb_log_file_size = 1024M#" /etc/my.cnf
  78. sed -i "s#^performance_schema_max_table_instances.*#performance_schema_max_table_instances = 10000#" /etc/my.cnf
  79. fi
  80. }
  81. MySQL_Opt
复制代码
运行脚本： [root@centos8 ~]# bash change.sh 再次查看MariaDB的主配置文件： [root@centos8 ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf [client] #password = your_password port = 3306 socket = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock [mysqld] port = 3306 socket = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock datadir = /var/lib/mysql skip-external-locking key_buffer_size = 32M max_allowed_packet = 1M table_open_cache = 128 sort_buffer_size = 768K net_buffer_length = 8K read_buffer_size = 768K read_rnd_buffer_size = 512K myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M thread_cache_size = 16 query_cache_size = 16M tmp_table_size = 32M explicit_defaults_for_timestamp = true #skip-networking max_connections = 500 max_connect_errors = 100 open_files_limit = 65535 log-bin=mysql-bin binlog_format=mixed server-id = 1 expire_logs_days = 10 default_storage_engine = InnoDB innodb_file_per_table = 1 innodb_data_home_dir = /var/lib/mysql innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend innodb_log_group_home_dir = /var/lib/mysql innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M innodb_log_file_size = 32M innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1 innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50 [mysqldump] quick max_allowed_packet = 16M [mysql] no-auto-rehash [myisamchk] key_buffer_size = 32M sort_buffer_size = 768K read_buffer = 2M write_buffer = 2M [mysqlhotcopy] interactive-timeout 重启MariaDB： [root@centos8 ~]# systemctl restart mariadb 服务器本地登录MariaDB：（使用数据库管理员root@localhost） mysql -u"root" 图片4.png 注释：数据库管理员root@localhost默认是没有密码的。 查看MariaDB的最大连接数： MariaDB [(none)]> show variables like '%max_connection%'; +-----------------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +-----------------------+-------+ | extra_max_connections | 1 | | max_connections | 500 | +-----------------------+-------+ 2 rows in set (0.001 sec) 查看MariaDB的“最大可打开表数”：（能同时打开的表的总数量） MariaDB [(none)]> show variables like 'table_open%'; +----------------------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +----------------------------+-------+ | table_open_cache | 128 | | table_open_cache_instances | 8 | +----------------------------+-------+ 2 rows in set (0.001 sec) 给数据库管理员root@localhost设置密码： MariaDB [(none)]> ALTER USER root@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'mima'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.001 sec) 现在数据库管理员root@localhost要通过密码验证才能登录MariaDB： mysql -u"root" -p"mima" 图片5.png 再次在命令行显示MariaDB里的全部库： [root@centos8 ~]# mysql -u"root" -p"mima" -sN -e "show databases;" information_schema mysql performance_schema 再次查看所有数据库用户及其主机信息： [root@centos8 ~]# mysql -u"root" -p"mima" -h"localhost" -e"select user,host from mysql.user;" +------+-----------------------+ | user | host | +------+-----------------------+ | root | 127.0.0.1 | | root | ::1 | | root | centos8.zhuohua.store | | root | localhost | +------+-----------------------+ 注释：-h"localhost"是可以省略的。 ############### ############### phpMyAdmin（PHP语言编写的，是远程管理MySQL/MariaDB的工具） 安装phpMyAdmin： tar -zxvf phpMyAdmin-4.4.15.6-all-languages.tar.gz -C /usr/share/nginx/html/ cd !$ mv phpMyAdmin-4.4.15.6-all-languages/ pmd cd !$ mv config.sample.inc.php config.inc.php 重启Nginx： [root@centos8 ~]# systemctl restart nginx phpMyAdmin的配置文件： [root@centos8 pmd]# pwd /usr/share/nginx/html/pmd [root@centos8 pmd]# vi config.inc.php 图片6.png 注释： 这里的主机地址默认为localhost，即本地连接，无需打开防火墙的TCP 3306端口； 打开防火墙的TCP 80端口，客户端就可以正常访问phpMyAdmin的管理页面了； 客户端远程登录 phpMyAdmin：（建议使用Frefox浏览器） http://192.168.168.154/pmd/ 图片7.png 图片8.png 图片9.png 此时，数据库的默认字符集为 latin1_swedish_ci ： 图片10.png 使用数据库管理员root@localhost，服务器本地登录MariaDB，查看数据库的默认字符集： show variables like "%character%"; 图片11.png show variables like "%collation%"; 图片12.png 下面，修改数据库的默认字符集为 utf8mb4_unicode_ci 修改MariaDB的主配置文件： [root@centos8 ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf [client] #password = your_password port = 3306 socket = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock [mysqld] port = 3306 socket = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock datadir = /var/lib/mysql skip-external-locking key_buffer_size = 32M max_allowed_packet = 1M table_open_cache = 128 sort_buffer_size = 768K net_buffer_length = 8K read_buffer_size = 768K read_rnd_buffer_size = 512K myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M thread_cache_size = 16 query_cache_size = 16M tmp_table_size = 32M explicit_defaults_for_timestamp = true #skip-networking max_connections = 500 max_connect_errors = 100 open_files_limit = 65535 log-bin=mysql-bin binlog_format=mixed server-id = 1 expire_logs_days = 10 default_storage_engine = InnoDB innodb_file_per_table = 1 innodb_data_home_dir = /var/lib/mysql innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend innodb_log_group_home_dir = /var/lib/mysql innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M innodb_log_file_size = 32M innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1 innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50 character-set-server = utf8mb4 collation-server = utf8mb4_unicode_ci [mysqldump] quick max_allowed_packet = 16M [mysql] no-auto-rehash [myisamchk] key_buffer_size = 32M sort_buffer_size = 768K read_buffer = 2M write_buffer = 2M [mysqlhotcopy] interactive-timeout 重启MariaDB： [root@centos8 ~]# systemctl restart mariadb 修改数据库的默认字符集成功： [root@centos8 ~]# mysql -u"root" -p"mima" -e "show variables like '%character%';" 图片13.png [root@centos8 ~]# mysql -u"root" -p"mima" -e "show variables like '%collation%';" 图片14.png 在phpMyAdmin也可以看到数据库的默认字符集已改为 utf8mb4_unicode_ci ： 图片15.png 使用phpMyAdmin创建库： 图片16.png 注释：创建库时，不指定排序规则（字符集），就是使用默认字符集。 创建库成功： 图片17.png 服务器本地查看刚刚创建的库： MariaDB [(none)]> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | db1 | | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | +--------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.000 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> show create database db1; +----------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Database | Create Database | +----------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | db1 | CREATE DATABASE `db1` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci */ | +----------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.000 sec) ############### ############### 重置MariaDB的数据库管理员root@localhost的密码：（不知道密码，无法登录数据库的情况下） 确认命令都已经安装： [root@centos8 ~]# find / -name "mysqld_safe" /usr/bin/mysqld_safe [root@centos8 ~]# find / -name "mysql" /var/lib/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/mysql /var/lib/mysql /var/lib/mysql/mysql /usr/bin/mysql /usr/lib64/perl5/vendor_perl/auto/DBD/mysql /usr/lib64/perl5/vendor_perl/DBD/mysql /usr/share/selinux/targeted/default/active/modules/100/mysql 关闭MariaDB： [root@centos8 ~]# systemctl stop mariadb 跳过授权表： [root@centos8 ~]# mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables >/dev/null 2>&1 & [1] 15729 现在无需密码，可以直接登录MariaDB：（不指定用户，就是使用数据库管理员root@localhost） 图片18.png 直接在命令行修改数据库管理员root@localhost的密码： #先自定义新的密码 [root@centos8 ~]# mysql_root_password='123456a' [root@centos8 ~]# echo ${mysql_root_password} 123456a  [root@centos8 ~]# mysql -u root mysql << EOF update user set password = Password('${mysql_root_password}') where User = 'root'; EOF 如下图： 图片19.png [root@centos8 ~]# killall mysqld [root@centos8 ~]# [1]+ 已完成 /usr/bin/mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables > /dev/null 2>&1 启动MariaDB： [root@centos8 ~]# systemctl start mariadb 重置MariaDB的数据库管理员root@localhost的密码成功： mysql -u"root" -h"localhost" -p"123456a" 图片20.png 注释： -h"localhost" 是可以省略的。 相关文章： CentOS8_Yum仓库 使用Navicat远程管理MariaDB 忽略Linux下MariaDB10.3的表名的英文字母大小写 CentOS8_firewalld+Nginx CentOS8_Nginx基于域名的虚拟主机+代理虚拟主机 CentOS8_LNMP_编译安装Zabbix5.0.12 CentOS8安装LAMP+phpMyAdmin CentOS8安装Django+Nginx反向代理 CentOS8_在Docker中安装LNMP(使用参数--link) CentOS8_Yum安装MySQL5.7 MariaDB10.3使用Jemalloc 重置MySQL5.5/5.6/5.7的用户密码 MySQL的字符集 CentOS8_Tomcat9+JDK1.9+MySQL/MariaDB Zabbix监控Linux下的MariaDB CentOS8安装network服务

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