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标题: CentOS8_Yum安装MySQL8.0 [打印本页]

作者: admin    时间: 2020-7-8 00:00     标题: CentOS8_Yum安装MySQL8.0

查看操作系统的信息: [root@redhat8 ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS Linux release 8.2.2004 (Core) [root@redhat8 ~]# [root@redhat8 ~]# uname -r 4.18.0-193.el8.x86_64 [root@redhat8 ~]# hostname redhat8.zhuohua.store [root@redhat8 ~]# cat /etc/hostname redhat8.zhuohua.store [root@redhat8 ~]# ip addr 1: lo: mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2: ens160: mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:15:ba:0c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.168.155/24 brd 192.168.168.255 scope global noprefixroute ens160 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 fe80::92ab:5fb4:5373:ad53/64 scope link dadfailed tentative noprefixroute valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 fe80::f6ea:de6f:f7bb:129b/64 scope link noprefixroute valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 关闭SELinux:(默认是开启的,要关闭) setenforce 0 sed -i 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config 删除原有的MySQL:: [root@centos8 ~]# dnf -y remove @mysql [root@centos8 ~]# dnf module reset mysql [root@centos8 ~]# dnf -y module disable mysql 给MySQL8.0创建一个仓库文件: [root@redhat8 ~]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/mysql-community.repo [mysql80-community] name=MySQL 8.0 Community Server baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-8.0-community/el/8/$basearch/ enabled=1 gpgcheck=0 [mysql-connectors-community] name=MySQL Connectors Community baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-connectors-community/el/8/$basearch/ enabled=1 gpgcheck=0 [mysql-tools-community] name=MySQL Tools Community baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-tools-community/el/8/$basearch/ enabled=1 gpgcheck=0 先查看新Yum源里MySQL8.0的具体版本: [root@redhat8 ~]# yum list |grep mysql-community mysql-community-client.x86_64 8.0.26-1.el8 mysql80-community mysql-community-client-debuginfo.x86_64 8.0.26-1.el8 mysql80-community mysql-community-client-plugins.x86_64 8.0.26-1.el8 mysql80-community mysql-community-client-plugins-debuginfo.x86_64 8.0.26-1.el8 mysql80-community mysql-community-common.x86_64 8.0.26-1.el8 mysql80-community mysql-community-debuginfo.x86_64 8.0.26-1.el8 mysql80-community mysql-community-debugsource.x86_64 8.0.26-1.el8 mysql80-community mysql-community-devel.x86_64 8.0.26-1.el8 mysql80-community mysql-community-libs.x86_64 8.0.26-1.el8 mysql80-community mysql-community-libs-debuginfo.x86_64 8.0.26-1.el8 mysql80-community mysql-community-server.x86_64 8.0.26-1.el8 mysql80-community mysql-community-server-debug.x86_64 8.0.26-1.el8 mysql80-community mysql-community-server-debug-debuginfo.x86_64 8.0.26-1.el8 mysql80-community mysql-community-server-debuginfo.x86_64 8.0.26-1.el8 mysql80-community mysql-community-test.x86_64 8.0.26-1.el8 mysql80-community mysql-community-test-debuginfo.x86_64 8.0.26-1.el8 mysql80-community 连接公网单纯下载MySQL8.0的相关RPM软件包:(存放软件包的自定义目录 /usr/local/rpm 会自动创建) [root@redhat8 ~]# dnf -y --enablerepo=mysql80-community install mysql-community-server --downloadonly --downloaddir=/usr/local/rpm 备注: 假如MySQL8.0已经安装了,以上这句命令就等于失效了,不会再次下载软件包的; 以本地光盘作为Yum源时,也是可以下载软件包到指定目录的; 下载完成后,查看目录大小: [root@redhat8 ~]# du -sh /usr/local/rpm/ 84M /usr/local/rpm/ 查看目录里的文件数量:( 实际数量=N-1 ) [root@redhat8 ~]# ll /usr/local/rpm/ |wc -l 48 通过安装本地RPM软件包,从而实现MySQL8.0的安装:(此时可以使用本地光盘作为Yum源) [root@redhat8 ~]# dnf -y install /usr/local/rpm/*.rpm MySQL8.0安装成功: [root@redhat8 ~]# yum list |grep mysql mysql-community-client.x86_64 8.0.26-1.el8 @@commandline mysql-community-client-plugins.x86_64 8.0.26-1.el8 @@commandline mysql-community-common.x86_64 8.0.26-1.el8 @@commandline mysql-community-libs.x86_64 8.0.26-1.el8 @@commandline mysql-community-server.x86_64 8.0.26-1.el8 @@commandline apr-util-mysql.x86_64 1.6.1-6.el8 localREPO_APP dovecot-mysql.x86_64 1:2.3.8-2.el8 localREPO_APP freeradius-mysql.x86_64 3.0.17-7.module_el8.2.0+321+f9fd5d26 localREPO_APP grafana-mysql.x86_64 6.3.6-1.el8 localREPO_APP pcp-pmda-mysql.x86_64 5.0.2-5.el8 localREPO_APP php-mysqlnd.x86_64 7.2.24-1.module_el8.2.0+313+b04d0a66 localREPO_APP postfix-mysql.x86_64 2:3.3.1-12.el8 localREPO_APP qt5-qtbase-mysql.i686 5.12.5-4.el8 localREPO_APP qt5-qtbase-mysql.x86_64 5.12.5-4.el8 localREPO_APP rsyslog-mysql.x86_64 8.1911.0-3.el8 localREPO_APP rubygem-mysql2.x86_64 0.4.10-4.module_el8.1.0+214+9be47fd7 localREPO_APP rubygem-mysql2-doc.noarch 0.4.10-4.module_el8.1.0+214+9be47fd7 localREPO_APP 注释:第三列前面有 @ 代表已经安装了。 安装后,目录/usr/local/rpm/里的软件包会被自动删除的: 图片1.png 启动MySQL: [root@redhat8 ~]# systemctl start mysqld 开机自动启动MySQL: [root@redhat8 ~]# systemctl enable mysqld 确认开机会自动启动MySQL: [root@redhat8 ~]# systemctl is-enabled mysqld enabled 查看MySQL的版本: [root@redhat8 ~]# mysql -V mysql Ver 8.0.26 for Linux on x86_64 (MySQL Community Server - GPL) 查看MySQL的进程: [root@redhat8 ~]# systemctl stop mysqld [root@redhat8 ~]# ps -ef |grep mysqld |grep -v grep [root@redhat8 ~]# [root@redhat8 ~]# echo $? 1 [root@redhat8 ~]# systemctl start mysqld [root@redhat8 ~]# ps -ef |grep mysqld |grep -v grep mysql 12345 1 13 10:24 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/mysqld [root@redhat8 ~]# echo $? 0 MySQL的主配置文件:(初始状态) [root@redhat8 ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf # For advice on how to change settings please see # http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/server-configuration-defaults.html [mysqld] # # Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data # cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%. # innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M # # Remove the leading "# " to disable binary logging # Binary logging captures changes between backups and is enabled by # default. It's default setting is log_bin=binlog # disable_log_bin # # Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers. # The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs. # Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values. # join_buffer_size = 128M # sort_buffer_size = 2M # read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M # # Remove leading # to revert to previous value for default_authentication_plugin, # this will increase compatibility with older clients. For background, see: # https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/server-system-variables.html#sysvar_default_authentication_plugin # default-authentication-plugin=mysql_native_password datadir=/var/lib/mysql socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid 自定义MySQL的主配置文件: [root@redhat8 ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf [client] #password = your_password port = 3306 socket = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock [mysqld] port = 3306 socket = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock datadir = /var/lib/mysql skip-external-locking key_buffer_size = 16M max_allowed_packet = 1M table_open_cache = 64 sort_buffer_size = 512K net_buffer_length = 8K read_buffer_size = 256K read_rnd_buffer_size = 512K myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M thread_cache_size = 8 tmp_table_size = 16M performance_schema_max_table_instances = 500 explicit_defaults_for_timestamp = true #skip-networking max_connections = 500 max_connect_errors = 100 open_files_limit = 65535 default_authentication_plugin = mysql_native_password log-bin=mysql-bin binlog_format=mixed server-id = 1 binlog_expire_logs_seconds = 864000 early-plugin-load = "" default_storage_engine = InnoDB innodb_file_per_table = 1 innodb_data_home_dir = /var/lib/mysql innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend innodb_log_group_home_dir = /var/lib/mysql innodb_buffer_pool_size = 16M innodb_log_file_size = 5M innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1 innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50 [mysqldump] quick max_allowed_packet = 16M [mysql] no-auto-rehash [myisamchk] key_buffer_size = 20M sort_buffer_size = 20M read_buffer_size = 2M write_buffer_size = 2M [mysqlhotcopy] interactive-timeout 根据服务器的物理内存大小更改MySQL的主配置文件的脚本: [root@redhat8 ~]# cat change.sh
  1. #!/bin/bash
  2. MySQL_Opt()
  3. {
  4. MemTotal=`free -m | grep Mem | awk '{print $2}'`
  5. if [[ ${MemTotal} -gt 1024 && ${MemTotal} -lt 2048 ]]; then
  6. sed -i "s#^key_buffer_size.*#key_buffer_size = 32M#" /etc/my.cnf
  7. sed -i "s#^table_open_cache.*#table_open_cache = 128#" /etc/my.cnf
  8. sed -i "s#^sort_buffer_size.*#sort_buffer_size = 768K#" /etc/my.cnf
  9. sed -i "s#^read_buffer_size.*#read_buffer_size = 768K#" /etc/my.cnf
  10. sed -i "s#^myisam_sort_buffer_size.*#myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M#" /etc/my.cnf
  11. sed -i "s#^thread_cache_size.*#thread_cache_size = 16#" /etc/my.cnf
  12. sed -i "s#^query_cache_size.*#query_cache_size = 16M#" /etc/my.cnf
  13. sed -i "s#^tmp_table_size.*#tmp_table_size = 32M#" /etc/my.cnf
  14. sed -i "s#^innodb_buffer_pool_size.*#innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M#" /etc/my.cnf
  15. sed -i "s#^innodb_log_file_size.*#innodb_log_file_size = 32M#" /etc/my.cnf
  16. sed -i "s#^performance_schema_max_table_instances.*#performance_schema_max_table_instances = 1000#" /etc/my.cnf
  17. elif [[ ${MemTotal} -ge 2048 && ${MemTotal} -lt 4096 ]]; then
  18. sed -i "s#^key_buffer_size.*#key_buffer_size = 64M#" /etc/my.cnf
  19. sed -i "s#^table_open_cache.*#table_open_cache = 256#" /etc/my.cnf
  20. sed -i "s#^sort_buffer_size.*#sort_buffer_size = 1M#" /etc/my.cnf
  21. sed -i "s#^read_buffer_size.*#read_buffer_size = 1M#" /etc/my.cnf
  22. sed -i "s#^myisam_sort_buffer_size.*#myisam_sort_buffer_size = 16M#" /etc/my.cnf
  23. sed -i "s#^thread_cache_size.*#thread_cache_size = 32#" /etc/my.cnf
  24. sed -i "s#^query_cache_size.*#query_cache_size = 32M#" /etc/my.cnf
  25. sed -i "s#^tmp_table_size.*#tmp_table_size = 64M#" /etc/my.cnf
  26. sed -i "s#^innodb_buffer_pool_size.*#innodb_buffer_pool_size = 256M#" /etc/my.cnf
  27. sed -i "s#^innodb_log_file_size.*#innodb_log_file_size = 64M#" /etc/my.cnf
  28. sed -i "s#^performance_schema_max_table_instances.*#performance_schema_max_table_instances = 2000#" /etc/my.cnf
  29. elif [[ ${MemTotal} -ge 4096 && ${MemTotal} -lt 8192 ]]; then
  30. sed -i "s#^key_buffer_size.*#key_buffer_size = 128M#" /etc/my.cnf
  31. sed -i "s#^table_open_cache.*#table_open_cache = 512#" /etc/my.cnf
  32. sed -i "s#^sort_buffer_size.*#sort_buffer_size = 2M#" /etc/my.cnf
  33. sed -i "s#^read_buffer_size.*#read_buffer_size = 2M#" /etc/my.cnf
  34. sed -i "s#^myisam_sort_buffer_size.*#myisam_sort_buffer_size = 32M#" /etc/my.cnf
  35. sed -i "s#^thread_cache_size.*#thread_cache_size = 64#" /etc/my.cnf
  36. sed -i "s#^query_cache_size.*#query_cache_size = 64M#" /etc/my.cnf
  37. sed -i "s#^tmp_table_size.*#tmp_table_size = 64M#" /etc/my.cnf
  38. sed -i "s#^innodb_buffer_pool_size.*#innodb_buffer_pool_size = 512M#" /etc/my.cnf
  39. sed -i "s#^innodb_log_file_size.*#innodb_log_file_size = 128M#" /etc/my.cnf
  40. sed -i "s#^performance_schema_max_table_instances.*#performance_schema_max_table_instances = 4000#" /etc/my.cnf
  41. elif [[ ${MemTotal} -ge 8192 && ${MemTotal} -lt 16384 ]]; then
  42. sed -i "s#^key_buffer_size.*#key_buffer_size = 256M#" /etc/my.cnf
  43. sed -i "s#^table_open_cache.*#table_open_cache = 1024#" /etc/my.cnf
  44. sed -i "s#^sort_buffer_size.*#sort_buffer_size = 4M#" /etc/my.cnf
  45. sed -i "s#^read_buffer_size.*#read_buffer_size = 4M#" /etc/my.cnf
  46. sed -i "s#^myisam_sort_buffer_size.*#myisam_sort_buffer_size = 64M#" /etc/my.cnf
  47. sed -i "s#^thread_cache_size.*#thread_cache_size = 128#" /etc/my.cnf
  48. sed -i "s#^query_cache_size.*#query_cache_size = 128M#" /etc/my.cnf
  49. sed -i "s#^tmp_table_size.*#tmp_table_size = 128M#" /etc/my.cnf
  50. sed -i "s#^innodb_buffer_pool_size.*#innodb_buffer_pool_size = 1024M#" /etc/my.cnf
  51. sed -i "s#^innodb_log_file_size.*#innodb_log_file_size = 256M#" /etc/my.cnf
  52. sed -i "s#^performance_schema_max_table_instances.*#performance_schema_max_table_instances = 6000#" /etc/my.cnf
  53. elif [[ ${MemTotal} -ge 16384 && ${MemTotal} -lt 32768 ]]; then
  54. sed -i "s#^key_buffer_size.*#key_buffer_size = 512M#" /etc/my.cnf
  55. sed -i "s#^table_open_cache.*#table_open_cache = 2048#" /etc/my.cnf
  56. sed -i "s#^sort_buffer_size.*#sort_buffer_size = 8M#" /etc/my.cnf
  57. sed -i "s#^read_buffer_size.*#read_buffer_size = 8M#" /etc/my.cnf
  58. sed -i "s#^myisam_sort_buffer_size.*#myisam_sort_buffer_size = 128M#" /etc/my.cnf
  59. sed -i "s#^thread_cache_size.*#thread_cache_size = 256#" /etc/my.cnf
  60. sed -i "s#^query_cache_size.*#query_cache_size = 256M#" /etc/my.cnf
  61. sed -i "s#^tmp_table_size.*#tmp_table_size = 256M#" /etc/my.cnf
  62. sed -i "s#^innodb_buffer_pool_size.*#innodb_buffer_pool_size = 2048M#" /etc/my.cnf
  63. sed -i "s#^innodb_log_file_size.*#innodb_log_file_size = 512M#" /etc/my.cnf
  64. sed -i "s#^performance_schema_max_table_instances.*#performance_schema_max_table_instances = 8000#" /etc/my.cnf
  65. elif [[ ${MemTotal} -ge 32768 ]]; then
  66. sed -i "s#^key_buffer_size.*#key_buffer_size = 1024M#" /etc/my.cnf
  67. sed -i "s#^table_open_cache.*#table_open_cache = 4096#" /etc/my.cnf
  68. sed -i "s#^sort_buffer_size.*#sort_buffer_size = 16M#" /etc/my.cnf
  69. sed -i "s#^read_buffer_size.*#read_buffer_size = 16M#" /etc/my.cnf
  70. sed -i "s#^myisam_sort_buffer_size.*#myisam_sort_buffer_size = 256M#" /etc/my.cnf
  71. sed -i "s#^thread_cache_size.*#thread_cache_size = 512#" /etc/my.cnf
  72. sed -i "s#^query_cache_size.*#query_cache_size = 512M#" /etc/my.cnf
  73. sed -i "s#^tmp_table_size.*#tmp_table_size = 512M#" /etc/my.cnf
  74. sed -i "s#^innodb_buffer_pool_size.*#innodb_buffer_pool_size = 4096M#" /etc/my.cnf
  75. sed -i "s#^innodb_log_file_size.*#innodb_log_file_size = 1024M#" /etc/my.cnf
  76. sed -i "s#^performance_schema_max_table_instances.*#performance_schema_max_table_instances = 10000#" /etc/my.cnf
  77. fi
  78. }
  79. MySQL_Opt
复制代码
运行脚本: [root@redhat8 ~]# bash change.sh 再次查看MySQL的主配置文件: [root@redhat8 ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf [client] #password = your_password port = 3306 socket = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock [mysqld] port = 3306 socket = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock datadir = /var/lib/mysql skip-external-locking key_buffer_size = 32M max_allowed_packet = 1M table_open_cache = 128 sort_buffer_size = 768K net_buffer_length = 8K read_buffer_size = 768K read_rnd_buffer_size = 512K myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M thread_cache_size = 16 tmp_table_size = 32M performance_schema_max_table_instances = 1000 explicit_defaults_for_timestamp = true #skip-networking max_connections = 500 max_connect_errors = 100 open_files_limit = 65535 default_authentication_plugin = mysql_native_password log-bin=mysql-bin binlog_format=mixed server-id = 1 binlog_expire_logs_seconds = 864000 early-plugin-load = "" default_storage_engine = InnoDB innodb_file_per_table = 1 innodb_data_home_dir = /var/lib/mysql innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend innodb_log_group_home_dir = /var/lib/mysql innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M innodb_log_file_size = 32M innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1 innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50 [mysqldump] quick max_allowed_packet = 16M [mysql] no-auto-rehash [myisamchk] key_buffer_size = 32M sort_buffer_size = 768K read_buffer_size = 768K write_buffer_size = 2M [mysqlhotcopy] interactive-timeout 重启MySQL: [root@redhat8 ~]# systemctl restart mysqld 获取数据库管理员root@localhost的初始密码: [root@centos8 ~]# cat /var/log/mysqld.log |grep 'A temporary password' 2021-09-01T02:21:10.185122Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: oM1xgNgQte#+ 服务器本地登录MySQL: mysql -u"root" -p"oM1xgNgQte#+" 图片2.png 必须要修改数据库管理员root@localhost的密码:(密码要符合复杂性要求) mysql> ALTER USER root@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'P@ssw7rd'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) 数据库管理员root@localhost使用新密码重新登录MySQL: mysql -uroot -p"P@ssw7rd" 图片3.png 查看默认的用户密码策略: SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'validate_password%'; 图片4.png 默认就有的库: show databases; 图片5.png 查看所有数据库用户及其主机信息:(以下是初始状态) select user,host from mysql.user; 图片6.png 查看数据库管理员root@localhost的权限: mysql> show grants for root@localhost; +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Grants for root@localhost | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, CREATE, DROP, RELOAD, SHUTDOWN, PROCESS, FILE, REFERENCES, INDEX, ALTER, SHOW DATABASES, SUPER, CREATE TEMPORARY TABLES, LOCK TABLES, EXECUTE, REPLICATION SLAVE, REPLICATION CLIENT, CREATE VIEW, SHOW VIEW, CREATE ROUTINE, ALTER ROUTINE, CREATE USER, EVENT, TRIGGER, CREATE TABLESPACE, CREATE ROLE, DROP ROLE ON *.* TO `root`@`localhost` WITH GRANT OPTION | | GRANT APPLICATION_PASSWORD_ADMIN,AUDIT_ADMIN,BACKUP_ADMIN,BINLOG_ADMIN,BINLOG_ENCRYPTION_ADMIN,CLONE_ADMIN,CONNECTION_ADMIN,ENCRYPTION_KEY_ADMIN,FLUSH_OPTIMIZER_COSTS,FLUSH_STATUS,FLUSH_TABLES,FLUSH_USER_RESOURCES,GROUP_REPLICATION_ADMIN,INNODB_REDO_LOG_ARCHIVE,INNODB_REDO_LOG_ENABLE,PERSIST_RO_VARIABLES_ADMIN,REPLICATION_APPLIER,REPLICATION_SLAVE_ADMIN,RESOURCE_GROUP_ADMIN,RESOURCE_GROUP_USER,ROLE_ADMIN,SERVICE_CONNECTION_ADMIN,SESSION_VARIABLES_ADMIN,SET_USER_ID,SHOW_ROUTINE,SYSTEM_USER,SYSTEM_VARIABLES_ADMIN,TABLE_ENCRYPTION_ADMIN,XA_RECOVER_ADMIN ON *.* TO `root`@`localhost` WITH GRANT OPTION | | GRANT PROXY ON ''@'' TO 'root'@'localhost' WITH GRANT OPTION | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) 查看MySQL的最大连接数: show variables like '%max_connection%'; 图片7.png 查看MySQL的“最大可打开表数”:(能同时打开的表的总数量) show variables like 'table_open%'; 图片8.png 查看MySQL的默认存储引擎: show variables like '%storage_engine%'; 图片9.png 查看MySQL的默认字符集: show variables like '%character%'; 图片10.png show variables like '%collation%'; 图片11.png 下面,修改数据库的默认字符集为 utf8mb4_unicode_ci : 修改MySQL的主配置文件: [root@redhat8 ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf [client] #password = your_password port = 3306 socket = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock [mysqld] port = 3306 socket = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock datadir = /var/lib/mysql skip-external-locking key_buffer_size = 32M max_allowed_packet = 1M table_open_cache = 128 sort_buffer_size = 768K net_buffer_length = 8K read_buffer_size = 768K read_rnd_buffer_size = 512K myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M thread_cache_size = 16 tmp_table_size = 32M performance_schema_max_table_instances = 1000 explicit_defaults_for_timestamp = true #skip-networking max_connections = 500 max_connect_errors = 100 open_files_limit = 65535 default_authentication_plugin = mysql_native_password log-bin=mysql-bin binlog_format=mixed server-id = 1 binlog_expire_logs_seconds = 864000 early-plugin-load = "" default_storage_engine = InnoDB innodb_file_per_table = 1 innodb_data_home_dir = /var/lib/mysql innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend innodb_log_group_home_dir = /var/lib/mysql innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M innodb_log_file_size = 32M innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1 innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50 character-set-server = utf8mb4 collation-server = utf8mb4_unicode_ci [mysqldump] quick max_allowed_packet = 16M [mysql] no-auto-rehash [myisamchk] key_buffer_size = 32M sort_buffer_size = 768K read_buffer_size = 768K write_buffer_size = 2M [mysqlhotcopy] interactive-timeout 重启MySQL: [root@redhat8 ~]# systemctl restart mysqld 修改数据库的默认字符集成功: mysql -u"root" -p"P@ssw7rd" -e"show variables like '%character%';" 图片12.png mysql -u"root" -p"P@ssw7rd" -e "show variables like '%collation%';" 图片13.png 新建的库的默认字符集为 utf8mb4_unicode_ci : [root@redhat8 ~]# mysql -u"root" -p"P@ssw7rd" -e"create database db1;" mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. [root@redhat8 ~]# mysql -u"root" -p"P@ssw7rd" -e"show create database db1" mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. +----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Database | Create Database | +----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | db1 | CREATE DATABASE `db1` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci */ /*!80016 DEFAULT ENCRYPTION='N' */ | +----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 相关文章: MySQL的字符集 Shell脚本中的函数 MySQL8.0使用Jemalloc 使用Navicat远程管理MySQL8.0 CentOS8_重置MySQL8.0的用户密码 忽略Linux下MySQL8.0的表名的英文字母大小写 MySQL8.0使用mysql_config_editor CentOS8使用Python3脚本管理MySQL8.0 CentOS8_在Docker中安装LAMP(使用参数--link) CentOS8_Yum安装MySQL5.7 CentOS8_Tomcat8+JDK1.8+MySQL CentOS8_Postfix+Dovecot+SquirrelMail CentOS8使用CentOS-Vault源+EPEL CentOS8使用mailx(使用126邮箱的25端口)

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