标题:
CentOS8_使用Docker安装Python3
[打印本页]
作者:
admin
时间:
2022-12-11 11:42
标题:
CentOS8_使用Docker安装Python3
实验中，宿主机的操作系统的版本信息： [root@centos8 ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS Linux release 8.2.2004 (Core) [root@centos8 ~]# [root@centos8 ~]# uname -r 4.18.0-193.el8.x86_64 先安装依赖软件包： [root@centos8 ~]# yum -y install yum-utils 配置阿里云的Docker镜像地址： [root@centos8 ~]# yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
添加仓库自：http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
[root@centos8 ~]# 生成缓存： [root@centos8 ~]# yum makecache CentOS-8.5.2111 - Base - mirrors.aliyun.com 19 kB/s | 3.9 kB 00:00 CentOS-8.5.2111 - Extras - mirrors.aliyun.com 4.9 kB/s | 1.5 kB 00:00 CentOS-8.5.2111 - AppStream - mirrors.aliyun.com 15 kB/s | 4.3 kB 00:00
Docker CE Stable - x86_64 19 kB/s | 31 kB 00:01
元数据缓存已建立。 [root@centos8 ~]# 安装最新版的Docker： [root@centos8 ~]# yum -y install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io 启动Docker： [root@centos8 ~]# systemctl start docker [root@centos8 ~]# 启动Docker后，宿主机的网卡会发生变化： [root@centos8 ~]# ifconfig
-bash: ifconfig: 未找到命令
[root@centos8 ~]# [root@centos8 ~]# yum -y install net-tools [root@centos8 ~]#
ifconfig
docker0
: flags=4163
mtu 1500 inet
172.17.0.1
netmask
255.255.0.0
broadcast 172.17.255.255 inet6 fe80::42:37ff:fe06:3fef prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20
ether 02:42:37:06:3f:ef txqueuelen 0 (Ethernet) RX packets 8056 bytes 325711 (318.0 KiB) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 8451 bytes 17672646 (16.8 MiB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
ens160
: flags=4163
mtu 1500 inet
192.168.168.154
netmask
255.255.255.0
broadcast 192.168.168.255 inet6 fe80::92ab:5fb4:5373:ad53 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20
ether 00:0c:29:cb:1e:40 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 357979 bytes 519205713 (495.1 MiB) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 128916 bytes 8255043 (7.8 MiB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 lo: flags=73
mtu 65536 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0 inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10
loop txqueuelen 1000 (Local Loopback) RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 [root@centos8 ~]# 查看Docker的版本信息： [root@centos8 ~]#
docker -v
Docker version 20.10.21, build baeda1f
[root@centos8 ~]# 查看Docker相关软件的版本信息： [root@centos8 ~]#
docker version
Client: Docker Engine - Community Version: 20.10.21 API version: 1.41 Go version: go1.18.7 Git commit: baeda1f Built: Tue Oct 25 18:02:19 2022 OS/Arch: linux/amd64 Context: default Experimental: true Server: Docker Engine - Community Engine: Version: 20.10.21 API version: 1.41 (minimum version 1.12) Go version: go1.18.7 Git commit: 3056208 Built: Tue Oct 25 18:00:24 2022 OS/Arch: linux/amd64 Experimental: false containerd: Version: 1.6.10 GitCommit: 770bd0108c32f3fb5c73ae1264f7e503fe7b2661 runc: Version: 1.1.4 GitCommit: v1.1.4-0-g5fd4c4d docker-init: Version: 0.19.0 GitCommit: de40ad0 [root@centos8 ~]# 查看Docker的相关信息： [root@centos8 ~]#
docker info
Client: Context: default Debug Mode: false Plugins: app: Docker App (Docker Inc., v0.9.1-beta3) buildx: Docker Buildx (Docker Inc., v0.9.1-docker) scan: Docker Scan (Docker Inc., v0.21.0) Server: Containers: 0 Running: 0 Paused: 0 Stopped: 0 Images: 0 Server Version: 20.10.21 Storage Driver: overlay2 Backing Filesystem: xfs Supports d_type: true Native Overlay Diff: true userxattr: false Logging Driver: json-file Cgroup Driver: cgroupfs Cgroup Version: 1 Plugins: Volume: local Network: bridge host ipvlan macvlan null overlay Log: awslogs fluentd gcplogs gelf journald json-file local logentries splunk syslog Swarm: inactive Runtimes: io.containerd.runc.v2 io.containerd.runtime.v1.linux runc Default Runtime: runc Init Binary: docker-init containerd version: 770bd0108c32f3fb5c73ae1264f7e503fe7b2661 runc version: v1.1.4-0-g5fd4c4d init version: de40ad0 Security Options: seccomp Profile: default Kernel Version: 4.18.0-193.el8.x86_64 Operating System: CentOS Linux 8 (Core) OSType: linux Architecture: x86_64 CPUs: 1 Total Memory: 1.758GiB Name: centos8.zhuohua.store ID: 5BLP:IZCR:6SS2:2U26:73K7:U7HR:RIFK:NDPD:76V4:Q674:QNTX:GRWQ Docker Root Dir:
/var/lib/docker
Debug Mode: false Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/ Labels: Experimental: false Insecure Registries: 127.0.0.0/8 Live Restore Enabled: false [root@centos8 ~]# 注释：Docker的镜像、容器默认是存放在目录
/var/lib/docker
下 查看宿主机的所有镜像：（ Docker安装完毕后，默认是没有任何镜像 ） [root@centos8 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
[root@centos8 ~]# 从公网下载镜像：（ 以下是下载Python3.11的镜像 ） [root@centos8 ~]# docker pull
python:3.11
3.11: Pulling from library/python a8ca11554fce: Pull complete e4e46864aba2: Pull complete c85a0be79bfb: Pull complete 195ea6a58ca8: Pull complete 157f16ed0a0c: Pull complete 884b144bec28: Pull complete 1c469643b609: Pull complete 4c0ac982aa89: Pull complete 049db2c7eb8a: Pull complete Digest: sha256:edd5164e98f8925a78216fc35841041dea32f00b1668329aa3cee6bf0e53c03b Status: Downloaded newer image for python:3.11 docker.io/library/python:3.11 [root@centos8 ~]# 再次，查看宿主机的所有镜像： [root@centos8 ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
python 3.11 ee4e7a0f1c35 2 weeks ago 932MB
[root@centos8 ~]# 使用镜像“
python:3.11
”创建并启动容器“Python3.11”： [root@centos8 ~]# docker run -itd --name
Python3.11
-v /opt/python_home:/home/python_home
python:3.11
0a2ea514887e
4221c7774ab06409743c03bf704a71d433eebdeab9a7b9410594 [root@centos8 ~]# 注释： -itd : 以交互模式情况下后台运行。 --name : 指定容器名称。 -v 挂载目录 : 这里是把宿主机的目录/opt/python_home挂载到容器的目录/home/python_home；假如目录不存在，就会自动创建。
python:3.11
: 镜像名称:版本号 在宿主机查看正在运行的容器： [root@centos8 ~]#
docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
0a2ea514887e
python:3.11 "python3" 27 seconds ago Up 25 seconds
Python3.11
[root@centos8 ~]# ###### 实验中，宿主机中没有安装Python3： [root@centos8 ~]# python3
-bash: python3: 未找到命令
[root@centos8 ~]# 宿主机的硬盘分区情况： [root@centos8 ~]#
lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT sr0 11:0 1 7.7G 0 rom nvme0n1 259:0 0 80G 0 disk ├─nvme0n1p1 259:1 0 200M 0 part /boot └─nvme0n1p2 259:2 0 79.8G 0 part ├─cl-root 253:0 0 75.8G 0 lvm / └─cl-swap 253:1 0 4G 0 lvm [SWAP] [root@centos8 ~]# [root@centos8 ~]#
df -hTP
文件系统 类型 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点 devtmpfs devtmpfs 883M 0 883M 0% /dev tmpfs tmpfs 901M 0 901M 0% /dev/shm tmpfs tmpfs 901M 17M 884M 2% /run tmpfs tmpfs 901M 0 901M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/cl-root xfs 76G 3.2G 73G 5% /
/dev/nvme0n1p1 ext4 190M 141M 36M 80% /boot tmpfs tmpfs 181M 0 181M 0% /run/user/0
overlay overlay 76G 3.2G 73G 5% /var/lib/docker/overlay2/b50fc1a2a2e51da58936e98390dccb14301cf16b080b13ed5f85693ce83dce12/merged
[root@centos8 ~]# ### 进入容器“Python3.11”： [root@centos8 ~]# docker exec -it
Python3.11
/bin/bash root@0a2ea514887e:/# 查看容器“Python3.11”的系统版本信息： root@0a2ea514887e:/# cat /etc/issue
Debian GNU/Linux 11 \n \l
root@0a2ea514887e:/# root@0a2ea514887e:/# more /etc/debian_version
11.5
root@0a2ea514887e:/# root@0a2ea514887e:/# uname -r
4.18.0-193.el8.x86_64
root@0a2ea514887e:/# 查看容器“Python3.11”的IP地址： root@0a2ea514887e:~# ifconfig
bash: ifconfig: command not found
root@0a2ea514887e:~# root@0a2ea514887e:~# apt-get update root@0a2ea514887e:~# apt-get -y install net-tools root@0a2ea514887e:~#
ifconfig
eth0
: flags=4163
mtu 1500 inet
172.17.0.2
netmask
255.255.0.0
broadcast 172.17.255.255 ether 02:42:ac:11:00:02 txqueuelen 0 (Ethernet) RX packets 8538 bytes 17928024 (17.0 MiB) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 8137 bytes 443152 (432.7 KiB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 lo: flags=73
mtu 65536 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0 loop txqueuelen 1000 (Local Loopback) RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 root@0a2ea514887e:~# 备注： 默认情况下，容器每次重启后，都会自行分配IP地址，且不允许自行指定或更改； 正常的话，容器“Python3.11”是可以Ping通宿主机： root@0a2ea514887e:~# ping 172.17.0.1
bash: ping: command not found
root@0a2ea514887e:~# root@0a2ea514887e:~# apt-get -y install inetutils-ping root@0a2ea514887e:~# ping -c 4
172.17.0.1
PING 172.17.0.1 (172.17.0.1): 56 data bytes 64 bytes from 172.17.0.1: icmp_seq=0 ttl=64 time=0.108 ms 64 bytes from 172.17.0.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.103 ms 64 bytes from 172.17.0.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.097 ms 64 bytes from 172.17.0.1: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.127 ms --- 172.17.0.1 ping statistics --- 4 packets transmitted, 4 packets received, 0% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 0.097/0.109/0.127/0.000 ms root@0a2ea514887e:~# root@0a2ea514887e:/# ping -c 4
192.168.168.154
PING 192.168.168.154 (192.168.168.154): 56 data bytes 64 bytes from 192.168.168.154: icmp_seq=0 ttl=64 time=0.110 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.168.154: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.398 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.168.154: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.098 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.168.154: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.082 ms --- 192.168.168.154 ping statistics --- 4 packets transmitted, 4 packets received, 0% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 0.082/0.172/0.398/0.131 ms root@0a2ea514887e:/# 正常的话，容器“Python3.11”是可以访问公网： root@0a2ea514887e:/# ping -c 5
blog.zhuohua.store
PING blog.zhuohua.store (47.75.39.177): 56 data bytes 64 bytes from 47.75.39.177: icmp_seq=0 ttl=127 time=29.955 ms 64 bytes from 47.75.39.177: icmp_seq=1 ttl=127 time=20.810 ms 64 bytes from 47.75.39.177: icmp_seq=2 ttl=127 time=18.695 ms 64 bytes from 47.75.39.177: icmp_seq=3 ttl=127 time=20.560 ms 64 bytes from 47.75.39.177: icmp_seq=4 ttl=127 time=17.836 ms --- blog.zhuohua.store ping statistics --- 5 packets transmitted, 5 packets received, 0% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 17.836/21.571/29.955/4.339 ms root@0a2ea514887e:/# 容器“Python3.11”的硬盘分区情况：（与宿主机的硬盘分区是不同的） root@0a2ea514887e:/#
lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT sr0 11:0 1 7.7G 0 rom nvme0n1 259:0 0 80G 0 disk ├─nvme0n1p1 259:1 0 200M 0 part └─nvme0n1p2 259:2 0 79.8G 0 part root@0a2ea514887e:/# root@0a2ea514887e:/#
df -hTP
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
overlay overlay 76G 3.2G 73G 5% /
tmpfs tmpfs 64M 0 64M 0% /dev tmpfs tmpfs 901M 0 901M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup shm tmpfs 64M 0 64M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/mapper/cl-root xfs 76G 3.2G 73G 5% /home/python_home
tmpfs tmpfs 901M 0 901M 0% /proc/asound tmpfs tmpfs 901M 0 901M 0% /proc/acpi tmpfs tmpfs 901M 0 901M 0% /proc/scsi tmpfs tmpfs 901M 0 901M 0% /sys/firmware root@0a2ea514887e:/# ###### 容器“Python3.11”已经安装好Python3： root@0a2ea514887e:/#
python3
Python 3.11.0 (main, Nov 15 2022, 19:58:01) [GCC 10.2.1 20210110] on linux Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>>
print('Welcome to zhuohua.')
Welcome to zhuohua.
>>> 退出当前的容器： root@0a2ea514887e:/#
exit
exit
[root@centos8 ~]# 在宿主机查看正在运行的容器： [root@centos8 ~]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
0a2ea514887e
python:3.11 "python3" 21 minutes ago Up 21 minutes
Python3.11
[root@centos8 ~]# 停止容器“Python3.11”： [root@centos8 ~]# docker stop
Python3.11
Python3.11
[root@centos8 ~]# 再次，在宿主机查看正在运行的容器： [root@centos8 ~]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES [root@centos8 ~]# 在宿主机查看所有的容器：（无论是否正在运行） [root@centos8 ~]#
docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
0a2ea514887e
python:3.11 "python3" 23 minutes ago
Exited
(137) About a minute ago
Python3.11
[root@centos8 ~]# 启动容器“Python3.11”：（启动已经存在的容器，要用这个方式） [root@centos8 ~]# docker start
Python3.11
Python3.11
[root@centos8 ~]# 再次，在宿主机查看所有的容器： [root@centos8 ~]#
docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
0a2ea514887e
python:3.11 "python3" 25 minutes ago Up 12 seconds
Python3.11
[root@centos8 ~]# ### 容器“Python3.11”在宿主机的存放目录： [root@centos8 ~]# cd /var/lib/docker/ [root@centos8 docker]# ls buildkit
containers
image network overlay2 plugins runtimes swarm tmp trust volumes [root@centos8 docker]# [root@centos8 docker]# cd containers/ [root@centos8 containers]# ls
0a2ea514887e
4221c7774ab06409743c03bf704a71d433eebdeab9a7b9410594 [root@centos8 containers]# [root@centos8 containers]# pwd
/var/lib/docker/containers
[root@centos8 containers]# [root@centos8 containers]# cd
0a2ea514887e
4221c7774ab06409743c03bf704a71d433eebdeab9a7b9410594 [root@centos8 0a2ea514887e4221c7774ab06409743c03bf704a71d433eebdeab9a7b9410594]# ls 0a2ea514887e4221c7774ab06409743c03bf704a71d433eebdeab9a7b9410594-json.log hostconfig.json mounts checkpoints hostname resolv.conf
config.v2.json
hosts resolv.conf.hash [root@centos8 0a2ea514887e4221c7774ab06409743c03bf704a71d433eebdeab9a7b9410594]# 容器“Python3.11”的文件
config.v2.json
中的一些信息： 容器ID : "Config":{"Hostname":"
0a2ea514887e
", Python相关软件的版本: "PYTHON_VERSION=3.11.0","PYTHON_PIP_VERSION=22.3","PYTHON_SETUPTOOLS_VERSION=65.5.0", ###### 在宿主机的目录/opt/python_home里创建一个脚本“file_01.py”： [root@centos8 ~]# cd /opt/python_home [root@centos8 python_home]# [root@centos8 python_home]# pwd
/opt/python_home
[root@centos8 python_home]# cat file_01.py
#coding=utf-8 print('Welcome to zhuohua.')
[root@centos8 python_home]# 进入容器“Python3.11”： root@0a2ea514887e:/# ls
bin boot dev etc home lib lib64 media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
root@0a2ea514887e:/# root@0a2ea514887e:/# cd home/ root@0a2ea514887e:/home# ls
python_home
root@0a2ea514887e:/home# cd python_home/ root@0a2ea514887e:/home/python_home# ls
file_01.py
root@0a2ea514887e:/home/python_home# cat file_01.py
#coding=utf-8 print('Welcome to zhuohua.')
root@0a2ea514887e:/home/python_home# 注释：因为在创建容器“Python3.11”的时候，把宿主机的目录/opt/python_home挂载到容器的目录/home/python_home，所以这两个目录里的数据是双向同步的。 在容器“Python3.11”中运行脚本“file_01.py”： root@0a2ea514887e:/home/python_home# cd root@0a2ea514887e:~# root@0a2ea514887e:~# pwd
/root
root@0a2ea514887e:~# python3 /home/python_home/file_01.py
Welcome to zhuohua.
root@0a2ea514887e:~# ###### 在容器“Python3.11”中安装第三方库（psutil）： root@0a2ea514887e:~# pip3 freeze root@0a2ea514887e:~# root@0a2ea514887e:~# pip3 install
psutil
-i http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple --trusted-host=mirrors.aliyun.com root@0a2ea514887e:~# pip3 freeze
psutil==5.9.4
root@0a2ea514887e:~# 在容器“Python3.11”的目录/home/python_home里创建一个脚本“file_02.py”： root@0a2ea514887e:~# vim /home/python_home/file_02.py
bash: vim: command not found
root@0a2ea514887e:~# 在容器“Python3.11”中安装命令vim： root@0a2ea514887e:~# apt-get -y install vim 在容器“Python3.11”中查看创建好的脚本“file_02.py”： root@0a2ea514887e:~# cat /home/python_home/file_02.py #coding=utf-8
import psutil
CPU_use_percent = psutil.cpu_percent(interval=2) print(CPU_use_percent) print(type(CPU_use_percent)) print(f"CPU使用率: {CPU_use_percent}%") print("-" * 10) Mem_total = psutil.virtual_memory().total Mem_total = round(Mem_total / 1024 / 1024,2) print(f"总内存量: {Mem_total}MB") Mem_used = psutil.virtual_memory().used Mem_used = round(Mem_used / 1024 / 1024,2) print(f"已使用内存量: {Mem_used}MB") print("-" * 10) Mem_use_percent = psutil.virtual_memory().percent print(Mem_use_percent) print(f"内存使用率: {Mem_use_percent}%") root@0a2ea514887e:~# 在容器“Python3.11”中运行脚本“file_02.py”： root@0a2ea514887e:~# find / -name "python3" /etc/python3 /usr/bin/python3 /usr/lib/python3
/usr/local/bin/python3
/usr/share/doc/python3 /usr/share/lintian/overrides/python3 /usr/share/python3 root@0a2ea514887e:~# root@0a2ea514887e:~# /usr/local/bin/python3 /home/python_home/file_02.py
1.5
CPU使用率: 1.5% ---------- 总内存量: 1800.62MB 已使用内存量: 434.42MB ---------- 34.8 内存使用率: 34.8%
root@0a2ea514887e:~# 在宿主机中也可以看到脚本“file_02.py”： [root@centos8 python_home]# pwd
/opt/python_home
[root@centos8 python_home]# ls
file_01.py file_02.py
[root@centos8 python_home]# [root@centos8 python_home]# cat file_02.py #coding=utf-8 import psutil CPU_use_percent = psutil.cpu_percent(interval=2) print(CPU_use_percent) print(type(CPU_use_percent)) print(f"CPU使用率: {CPU_use_percent}%") print("-" * 10) Mem_total = psutil.virtual_memory().total Mem_total = round(Mem_total / 1024 / 1024,2) print(f"总内存量: {Mem_total}MB") Mem_used = psutil.virtual_memory().used Mem_used = round(Mem_used / 1024 / 1024,2) print(f"已使用内存量: {Mem_used}MB") print("-" * 10) Mem_use_percent = psutil.virtual_memory().percent print(Mem_use_percent) print(f"内存使用率: {Mem_use_percent}%") [root@centos8 python_home]# ############ ############ 在宿主机移动容器“Python3.11”： 先停止容器“Python3.11”： [root@centos8 ~]# docker stop
Python3.11
Python3.11
[root@centos8 ~]# 要把容器“Python3.11”创建成一个新镜像： [root@centos8 ~]# docker commit
Python3.11
newimage_python3
sha256:4ef2acde4a35fd4f6f435f3be7d1c1af7b7eac90f4b6868cb79fa838d02e3ed3
[root@centos8 ~]# 新镜像“newimage_python3:latest”创建成功： [root@centos8 ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
newimage_python3
latest
4ef2acde4a35 16 seconds ago 1GB python 3.11 ee4e7a0f1c35 2 weeks ago 932MB [root@centos8 ~]# 把新镜像“newimage_python3:latest”另外备份好： [root@centos8 ~]# docker save
newimage_python3:latest
> /tmp/newimage_python3.tar [root@centos8 ~]# [root@centos8 ~]# du -sh /tmp/newimage_python3.tar
980M /tmp/newimage_python3.tar
[root@centos8 ~]# 备注：新镜像可以放到其他宿主机上使用了，新宿主机无需有原始镜像“python:3.11” 在宿主机删除镜像“newimage_python3:latest”： [root@centos8 ~]# docker rmi -f
newimage_python3:latest
Untagged: newimage_python3:latest Deleted: sha256:4ef2acde4a35fd4f6f435f3be7d1c1af7b7eac90f4b6868cb79fa838d02e3ed3 Deleted: sha256:90b802c6cda11fe25cde6be460afc4afdd272cad662ea4a3d90745b3a469da98
[root@centos8 ~]# 新镜像“newimage_python3:latest”删除成功： [root@centos8 ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE python 3.11 ee4e7a0f1c35 2 weeks ago 932MB [root@centos8 ~]# 从备份文件“/tmp/newimage_python3.tar”还原镜像“newimage_python3:latest”： [root@centos8 ~]# docker load < /tmp/newimage_python3.tar
5354e9f5b03b: Loading layer [==================================================>] 72.78MB/72.78MB Loaded image: newimage_python3:latest
[root@centos8 ~]# 镜像“newimage_python3:latest”还原成功： [root@centos8 ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
newimage_python3
latest
4ef2acde4a35 5 minutes ago 1GB python 3.11 ee4e7a0f1c35 2 weeks ago 932MB [root@centos8 ~]# 修改镜像“newimage_python3:latest”的版本号： [root@centos8 ~]# docker tag newimage_python3:
latest
newimage_python3:
8.11
[root@centos8 ~]# 版本号修改成功： [root@centos8 ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
newimage_python3
8.11
4ef2acde4a35 6 minutes ago 1GB newimage_python3 latest 4ef2acde4a35 6 minutes ago 1GB python 3.11 ee4e7a0f1c35 2 weeks ago 932MB [root@centos8 ~]# 再次，删除镜像“newimage_python3:latest”： [root@centos8 ~]# docker rmi -f
newimage_python3:latest
Untagged: newimage_python3:latest
[root@centos8 ~]# 再次，查看宿主机的所有镜像： [root@centos8 ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
newimage_python3 8.11
4ef2acde4a35 7 minutes ago 1GB python 3.11 ee4e7a0f1c35 2 weeks ago 932MB [root@centos8 ~]# 在宿主机查看正在运行的容器： [root@centos8 ~]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
0a2ea514887e
python:3.11 "python3" 18 hours ago Up About a minute
Python3.11
[root@centos8 ~]# 使用镜像“newimage_python3:8.11”创建并启动容器“Python811”： [root@centos8 ~]# docker run -itd --name
Python811
-v /opt/python_home:/home/python_home
newimage_python3:8.11
f7c959f81303
cec97bd6af948623afb4959acf68e6ddb0be4d9e63e416aa9c2b [root@centos8 ~]# 注释： -itd : 以交互模式情况下后台运行。 --name : 指定容器名称。 -v 挂载目录 : 这里是把宿主机的目录/opt/python_home挂载到容器的目录/home/python_home；假如宿主机的目录已经存在，也不会覆盖原有数据；可以把宿主机的一个目录同时挂载到多个容器的目录。
newimage_python3:8.11
: 镜像名称:版本号 再次，在宿主机查看正在运行的容器： [root@centos8 ~]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
f7c959f81303
newimage_python3:8.11 "python3" About a minute ago Up About a minute
Python811
0a2ea514887e python:3.11 "python3" 18 hours ago Up 3 minutes Python3.11 [root@centos8 ~]# ### 进入容器“Python811”： [root@centos8 ~]# docker exec -it
Python811
/bin/bash root@f7c959f81303:/# 查看容器“Python811”的IP地址： root@f7c959f81303:/#
ifconfig
eth0
: flags=4163
mtu 1500 inet
172.17.0.3
netmask
255.255.0.0
broadcast 172.17.255.255 ether 02:42:ac:11:00:03 txqueuelen 0 (Ethernet) RX packets 11 bytes 866 (866.0 B) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 lo: flags=73
mtu 65536 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0 loop txqueuelen 1000 (Local Loopback) RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 root@f7c959f81303:/# 备注： 默认情况下，容器每次重启后，都会自行分配IP地址，且IP地址是不会重复的； 正常的话，容器“Python811”是可以Ping通宿主机： root@f7c959f81303:/# ping -c 4
172.17.0.1
PING 172.17.0.1 (172.17.0.1): 56 data bytes 64 bytes from 172.17.0.1: icmp_seq=0 ttl=64 time=0.241 ms 64 bytes from 172.17.0.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.089 ms 64 bytes from 172.17.0.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.082 ms 64 bytes from 172.17.0.1: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.091 ms --- 172.17.0.1 ping statistics --- 4 packets transmitted, 4 packets received, 0% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 0.082/0.126/0.241/0.067 ms root@f7c959f81303:/# root@f7c959f81303:/# ping -c 4
192.168.168.154
PING 192.168.168.154 (192.168.168.154): 56 data bytes 64 bytes from 192.168.168.154: icmp_seq=0 ttl=64 time=0.133 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.168.154: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.236 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.168.154: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.108 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.168.154: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.161 ms --- 192.168.168.154 ping statistics --- 4 packets transmitted, 4 packets received, 0% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 0.108/0.160/0.236/0.048 ms root@f7c959f81303:/# 正常的话，容器“Python811”是可以Ping通宿容器“Python3.11”： root@f7c959f81303:/# ping -c 4
172.17.0.2
PING 172.17.0.2 (172.17.0.2): 56 data bytes 64 bytes from 172.17.0.2: icmp_seq=0 ttl=64 time=0.100 ms 64 bytes from 172.17.0.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.154 ms 64 bytes from 172.17.0.2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.099 ms 64 bytes from 172.17.0.2: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.107 ms --- 172.17.0.2 ping statistics --- 4 packets transmitted, 4 packets received, 0% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 0.099/0.115/0.154/0.023 ms root@f7c959f81303:/# ### 查看容器“Python811”的目录/home/python_home： root@f7c959f81303:/# cd /home/python_home root@f7c959f81303:/home/python_home# ls
file_01.py file_02.py
root@f7c959f81303:/home/python_home# 在容器“Python811”中运行脚本“file_02.py”： root@f7c959f81303:/home/python_home# python3 file_02.py
0.5
CPU使用率: 0.5% ---------- 总内存量: 1800.62MB 已使用内存量: 355.64MB ---------- 29.0 内存使用率: 29.0%
root@f7c959f81303:/home/python_home# 注释：因为在创建容器“Python811”的时候，也把宿主机的目录/opt/python_home挂载到自己的目录/home/python_home，所以宿主机的目录/opt/python_home、容器“Python3.11”的目录/home/python_home、容器“Python811”的目录/home/python_home的数据是共享的。 ### 容器“Python811”在宿主机的存放目录： [root@centos8 ~]# cd /var/lib/docker/containers/ [root@centos8 containers]# ls 0a2ea514887e4221c7774ab06409743c03bf704a71d433eebdeab9a7b9410594
f7c959f81303
cec97bd6af948623afb4959acf68e6ddb0be4d9e63e416aa9c2b [root@centos8 containers]# [root@centos8 containers]# cd
f7c959f81303
cec97bd6af948623afb4959acf68e6ddb0be4d9e63e416aa9c2b/ [root@centos8 f7c959f81303cec97bd6af948623afb4959acf68e6ddb0be4d9e63e416aa9c2b]# ls checkpoints hostconfig.json mounts
config.v2.json
hostname resolv.conf f7c959f81303cec97bd6af948623afb4959acf68e6ddb0be4d9e63e416aa9c2b-json.log hosts resolv.conf.hash [root@centos8 f7c959f81303cec97bd6af948623afb4959acf68e6ddb0be4d9e63e416aa9c2b]# 容器“Python811”的文件
config.v2.json
中的一些信息： 容器ID : "Config":{"Hostname":"
f7c959f81303
", 挂载目录的信息：（ 把宿主机的目录
/opt/python_home
挂载到容器的目录
/home/python_home
） "MountPoints":{"
/home/python_home
":{"Source":"
/opt/python_home
","Destination":"
/home/python_home
","RW":true,"Name":"","Driver":"","Type":"bind","Propagation":"rprivate","Spec":{"Type":"bind","Source":"
/opt/python_home
","Target":"
/home/python_home
"}, 以下是重新把宿主机的目录
/home
挂载到容器“Python811”的目录
/home/python_home
: [root@centos8 ~]# docker stop
Python811
[root@centos8 ~]# systemctl stop docker "MountPoints":{"
/home/python_home
":{"Source":"
/home
","Destination":"
/home/python_home
","RW":true,"Name":"","Driver":"","Type":"bind","Propagation":"rprivate","Spec":{"Type":"bind","Source":"
/home
","Target":"
/home/python_home
"}, [root@centos8 ~]# systemctl start docker [root@centos8 ~]# docker start
Python811
确认已经把宿主机的目录/home挂载到容器的目录/home/python_home： 查看宿主机的目录/home： [root@centos8 ~]# du -ah /home/
22M /home/Python-3.6.8.tgz 22M /home/
[root@centos8 ~]# 重新进入容器“Python811”： [root@centos8 ~]# docker exec -it
Python811
/bin/bash root@f7c959f81303:/# 查看容器“Python811”的目录/home/python_home: root@f7c959f81303:~# du -ah /home/python_home/
22M /home/python_home/Python-3.6.8.tgz 22M /home/python_home/
root@f7c959f81303:~# ###### 在宿主机查看所有的容器： [root@centos8 ~]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
f7c959f81303
newimage_python3:8.11 "python3" About an hour ago Up 8 minutes
Python811
0a2ea514887e python:3.11 "python3" 20 hours ago Up 12 seconds Python3.11 [root@centos8 ~]# 停止容器“Python811”：（可以使用容器名称，也可以使用容器ID） [root@centos8 ~]# docker stop
f7c959f81303
f7c959f81303
[root@centos8 ~]# [root@centos8 ~]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
f7c959f81303
newimage_python3:8.11 "python3" About an hour ago
Exited
(137) 29 seconds ago
Python811
0a2ea514887e python:3.11 "python3" 20 hours ago Up 2 minutes Python3.11 [root@centos8 ~]# 删除容器“Python811”：（可以使用容器名称，也可以使用容器ID；要先停止对应容器） [root@centos8 ~]# docker rm
Python811
Python811
[root@centos8 ~]# [root@centos8 ~]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 0a2ea514887e python:3.11 "python3" 20 hours ago Up 4 minutes Python3.11 [root@centos8 ~]# 会连对应容器的存放目录也删除掉： [root@centos8 ~]# cd /var/lib/docker/containers/ [root@centos8 containers]# ls 0a2ea514887e4221c7774ab06409743c03bf704a71d433eebdeab9a7b9410594 [root@centos8 containers]# 相关文章：
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