ifconfig 命令——查看所有网卡接口的IP地址等等
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:2B:17:3A
inet addr:192.168.168.130 Bcast:192.168.168.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe2b:173a/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:180 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:97 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:21063 (20.5 KiB) TX bytes:12127 (11.8 KiB)
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:0 (0.0 b) TX bytes:0 (0.0 b)
注释:
eth0:第一块网卡的名称。如果有多块物理网卡,则第二块网卡表示为“eth1”,第三块网卡表示为“eth2”,以此类推。
lo:“回环”网络接口,并不代表真正的网络接口,而是一个虚拟的网络接口,其IP地址默认是“127.0.0.1”。回环地址通常仅用于对本机的网络测试。
HWaddr:表示网卡的物理地址(MAC地址)。
Bcast:表示网络接口所在网络的广播地址。
Mask: 表示掩码。
ip addr 命令——查看所有网卡接口的IP地址等等
[root@localhost ~]# ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:2b:17:3a brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.168.130/24 brd 192.168.168.255 scope global eth0
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe2b:173a/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
查看网卡eth0的配置文件:
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
DEVICE=eth0
TYPE=Ethernet
UUID=1d6644ba-ea2f-47e9-af17-0119ea72d20b
ONBOOT=yes
NM_CONTROLLED=yes
BOOTPROTO=dhcp #使用DHCP分配的IP地址
HWADDR=00:0C:29:2B:17:3A
DEFROUTE=yes
PEERDNS=yes
PEERROUTES=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=yes
IPV6INIT=no
NAME="System eth0"
在网卡eth0的配置文件中使用固定的IP地址、DNS地址等等:
[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
DEVICE=eth0
TYPE=Ethernet
UUID=1d6644ba-ea2f-47e9-af17-0119ea72d20b
ONBOOT=yes
NM_CONTROLLED=yes
BOOTPROTO=static #设置网络接口的配置方式,值为“none”、“static”时,表示使用静态IP地址
HWADDR=00:0C:29:2B:17:3A
IPADDR=192.168.168.130 #IP地址
NETMASK=255.255.255.0 #掩码
GATEWAY=192.168.168.2 #网关
DNS1=8.8.8.8 #本机使用的第一个DNS服务器地址
DNS2=114.114.114.114 #本机使用的第二个DNS服务器地址
DEFROUTE=yes
PEERDNS=yes
PEERROUTES=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=yes
IPV6INIT=no
NAME="System eth0"
重启network服务后,可使所有网卡的更改生效:(会重新加载所有网卡)
[root@localhost ~]# service network restart
查看某张网卡:
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig eth0
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:2B:17:3A
inet addr:192.168.168.130 Bcast:192.168.168.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe2b:173a/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:635 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:460 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:65776 (64.2 KiB) TX bytes:55667 (54.3 KiB)
显示网卡的网关:
[root@localhost ~]# route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
192.168.168.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0
169.254.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 1002 0 0 eth0
0.0.0.0 192.168.168.2 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0
查看本机所使用的DNS服务器地址:
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/resolv.conf
; generated by /sbin/dhclient-script
search localdomain
nameserver 8.8.8.8
nameserver 114.114.114.114
注释:一般在网卡的配置文件上配置DNS地址。
######
为网卡eth0添加附加IP:(重启主机后依旧生效)
[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0:0
写入:
DEVICE=eth0:0
ONBOOT=yes
BOOTPROTO=static
IPADDR=192.168.168.131
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0:1
写入:
DEVICE=eth0:1
ONBOOT=yes
BOOTPROTO=static
IPADDR=192.168.168.135
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
备注:
这是创建单个IP地址,文件需要手动去创建;
重新加载网卡eth0
[root@localhost ~]# ifdown eth0;ifup eth0
注释:可使网卡eth0的更改生效。
效果:
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:2B:17:3A
inet addr:192.168.168.130 Bcast:192.168.168.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe2b:173a/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:761 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:555 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:77446 (75.6 KiB) TX bytes:67169 (65.5 KiB)
eth0:0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:2B:17:3A
inet addr:192.168.168.131 Bcast:192.168.168.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
eth0:1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:2B:17:3A
inet addr:192.168.168.135 Bcast:192.168.168.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:0 (0.0 b) TX bytes:0 (0.0 b)
注释:一张网卡可以有多个IP地址。
一张网卡只有一个网关:
[root@localhost ~]# route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
192.168.168.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0
169.254.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 1002 0 0 eth0
0.0.0.0 192.168.168.2 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0
使用附加IP地址也可以登录服务器:
使用附加IP地址也可以解析域名:
###
为网卡eth0添加连续范围的附加IP:(重启服务器后也生效)
[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0-range1
写入:
DEVICE=eth0
ONBOOT=yes
BOOTPROTO=static
IPADDR_START=192.168.168.131
IPADDR_END=192.168.168.135
CLONENUM_START=0
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
备注:
这文件需要手动去创建;
前面创建的附加IP地址文件记得先删除;
重启network服务后,可使所有网卡的更改生效:(会重新加载所有网卡)
[root@localhost ~]# service network restart
效果:
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:2B:17:3A
inet addr:192.168.168.130 Bcast:192.168.168.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe2b:173a/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:1165 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:890 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:114967 (112.2 KiB) TX bytes:108294 (105.7 KiB)
eth0:0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:2B:17:3A
inet addr:192.168.168.131 Bcast:192.168.168.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
eth0:1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:2B:17:3A
inet addr:192.168.168.132 Bcast:192.168.168.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
eth0:2 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:2B:17:3A
inet addr:192.168.168.133 Bcast:192.168.168.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
eth0:3 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:2B:17:3A
inet addr:192.168.168.134 Bcast:192.168.168.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
eth0:4 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:2B:17:3A
inet addr:192.168.168.135 Bcast:192.168.168.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:0 (0.0 b) TX bytes:0 (0.0 b)
########################
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备注:阿里云的服务器公网IP、内网IP都是自动分配的,在服务器里只能看见内网IP,但直接访问、使用公网IP即可。
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